Bilateral conjunctival follicular lymphoma in a child

Wall, Palak B.; Traboulsi, Elias I.; Hsi, Eric D.; Singh, Arun D.

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.10.030

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is very well tolerated. Most case reports in which rituximab was delivered in this manner in the treatment of newly diagnosed OAL revealed a 100% overall response rate [117–119, 122, 125, 126, 140]. However, a Ferreri et al study calls into question the long-term efficacy of this treatment.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification, diagnosis, and management of conjunctival lymphoma

2019

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Lymphoma is a malignant lymphoproliferative tumor that can involve the conjunctiva. Approximately 5–15% of all extranodal lymphomas are found in the ocular adnexal region, with approximately 25% of those involving the conjunctiva. Ninety-eight percent of conjunctival lymphomas arise from B-lymphocytes. The most common subtype of conjunctival lymphoma is extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (80%), followed by follicular lymphoma (8%), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (3%) and mantle cell lymphoma (3%). Natural killer and T cells (NK/T) are rare causes of lymphoma. While most conjunctival lymphomas are localized to the ocular adnexa at the time of presentation, systemic examination and management are of key importance in the long-term care of the patient. This review outlines the classification, etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of conjunctival lymphoma. The novel use of high resolution optical coherence tomography, both as a diagnostic tool and as a means for ongoing evaluation during treatment, is illustrated. Treatment options discussed include external beam radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, antibiotic therapy, and combination regimens. Future investigation of the etiology and pathogenesis of conjunctival lymphoma is expected to reveal opportunities for innovative and individualized therapeutic agents. Collaboration between multiple disciplines is key in the advancement of the field.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification, diagnosis, and management of conjunctival lymphoma

2019

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“…Conjunctival pediatric-type follicular lymphoma is a rare entity. Only seven cases have been reported in the literature summarized in Table 1 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. All cases reported were males with ages ranging from six to 21 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histopathological evaluation and IHC studies are essential to diagnose lymphoma. IHC markers were positive for CD20 in all eight cases, for CD10 in seven of eight cases, and for BCL6 in six of eight cases; however, almost all the cases were negative for BCL2, which is predominantly seen in the adult population [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. All patients underwent complete excision, and no recurrences were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjunctival Pediatric-Type Follicular Lymphoma in a Young Male: Literature Review and Case Report

Alnaim¹,

Alhawsawi²,

Alsomali³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Pediatric-type follicular lymphoma is a disease that affects the lymph nodes of the head and neck in the adult and pediatric patient groups. Ocular involvement is exceedingly rare, especially in the pediatrics age group; therefore, keeping a high clinical suspicion is warranted.Here, we report a rare conjunctival pediatric-type follicular lymphoma in a 15-year-old boy presenting with progressive swelling over the medial aspect of the left bulbar conjunctiva for two months. On examination, the mass was firm, mobile, well encapsulated, wide-based, and had a negative transillumination. An excisional biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry studies revealed lymphoid tissue that was positive for CD20, CD79a, BCL6, and CD10; and negative for BCL2 and MUM1. The CD21 and CD23 positivity highlighted the presence of an expanded follicular dendritic cell meshwork. The patient was diagnosed with conjunctival pediatric-type follicular lymphoma and referred to an oncology center for further examination and treatment. This lymphoma is rare, requiring high clinical suspicion, and thus, reporting the case detail is important and valuable for ophthalmologists and general pediatrics practitioners alike.

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“…8 Current understanding of OAL epidemiology and outcomes in the paediatric population is predominantly based on case reports and data from series pertaining to the adult lymphoma literature. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] We hypothesise…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric ocular adnexal lymphoma: a population-based analysis

et al. 2020

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ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence, clinicopathological characteristics and survival of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) in the paediatric population.Methods and analysisIn this retrospective case series, the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database was accessed to identify individuals with OAL ≤18 years of age, diagnosed between 1973 and 2015. OAL located in the eyelid, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus and orbit were included. Main outcome measures were the age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) per 1 000 000 population at risk (calculated for the period 2000–2015) and descriptive statistics of demographic and clinicopathological features.ResultsThe IR of paediatric OAL was 0.12 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.16) per 1 000 000. Males (0.15; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.22) and blacks (0.24; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.42) had a higher tendency for OAL development. A total of 55 tumours in 54 children were identified. The majority were localised (78.4%), conjunctival (49.1%) lymphomas. Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL, 45.5%, n=25) was the most frequent subtype, followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, 9.1%, n=5), B lymphoblastic lymphoma (7.3%, n=4), follicular lymphoma (5.5%, n=3), Burkitt lymphoma (5.5%, n=3), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL, 3.6%, n=2), small lymphocytic lymphoma (1.8%, n=1), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, immunoblastic (1.8%, n=1) and panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (1.8%, n=1). Localised, low-grade, conjunctival lymphomas were frequently treated with complete excision with or without radiation, while high-grade and distant tumours usually received chemotherapy. Only 29.1% of paediatric OAL cases were treated with radiation. Three out of five (60%) patients with DLBCL died of lymphoma at a median follow-up of 21 (range 10–86) months, and 1 out of 2 (50%) patients with ALCL died of lymphoma at 23 months from diagnosis.ConclusionOAL in the paediatric population is rare. The majority of OAL are EMZL and are characterised by excellent prognosis. The histological subtype was found to be the main predictor of outcome with cancer-specific deaths observed in patients with DLBCL and ALCL.

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Bilateral conjunctival follicular lymphoma in a child

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Classification, diagnosis, and management of conjunctival lymphoma

Classification, diagnosis, and management of conjunctival lymphoma

Conjunctival Pediatric-Type Follicular Lymphoma in a Young Male: Literature Review and Case Report

Paediatric ocular adnexal lymphoma: a population-based analysis

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