Bilateral Congenital Absence of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Anterior lateral meniscofemoral ligament with congenital absence of the ACL

“…During arthroscopy, the anterior lateral meniscofemoral ligament was associated with an absent ACL. This congenital absence of ACL is a very rare anomaly and has been reported either as an isolated finding [3,12,18] or, more often, as part of a complex abnormality of the knee with more than one finding [5,9,11,13]. Type I is characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of the ACL with a normal posterior cruciate ligament (PCL); type II, by aplasia of the ACL in combination with hypoplasia of the PCL; and type III, by aplasia of both cruciate ligaments [17].…”

“…During arthroscopy, the anterior lateral meniscofemoral ligament was associated with an absent ACL. This congenital absence of ACL is a very rare anomaly and has been reported either as an isolated finding [3, 12, 18] or, more often, as part of a complex abnormality of the knee with more than one finding [5, 9, 11, 13].…”

“…Absence of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a very rare congenital disorder [3, 13, 15, 17, 21]. This condition is often associated with other lower limb anomalies, particularly around the knee, such as hypoplasia of the lateral femoral condyle, hypoplasia of the intercondylar eminence and of the intercondylar notch, absent or abnormal menisci, congenital short femur, high fibular head and fibular muscular defects, and dislocation of the patella [2, 8, 13, 19, 22].…”

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Agenesis Requiring Surgical Reconstruction

“…9 There are conflicting theories regarding the etiology, ranging from genetic copy number variation because of a deletion of the CEP57L1 exon to embryological errors during the development of the cruciate ligaments in the 7th to 12th weeks of life in utero. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Clinically, PCL agenesis can be found incidentally or present with symptoms of instability. 19,20 Patients may have compensation from other ligaments and muscles to assist with the biomechanical stability in the knee, including thickening of the meniscofemoral ligaments.…”

Agenesis of the posterolateral bundle of anterior cruciate ligament

“…Anatomic variations of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are very rare [2,[7][8][9]12]. The prevalence of congenital aplasia or hypoplasia of the ACL is 0.017/1,000 live births.…”