Bilateral condylar anomaly: A case report and review

Prasanna, TR; Setty, Suhas; Udupa, Vadiraj; Sahana, D S

doi:10.4103/0973-029x.174625

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Nevertheless, no signs of traumatic etiologic agents are reported in the great majority of published cases ( 1 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 22 , 26 , 39 , 45 ), including trifid ( 55 , 56 , 69 ) and tetrafid ( 60 ) condyles. This could suggest that some cases had a developmental abnormality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifid mandibular condyles: A systematic review

2018

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BackgroundBifid mandibular condyle (BMC) constitutes an extremely rare disorder characterized by a duplication of the head of the mandibular condyle. Its prevalence ranges from 0.31% to 1.82% in the published literature.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to describe the main etiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with BMCs and the existent treatment options. The secondary objective was to simultaneously include the characteristics of two new cases of BMC.Material and MethodsAn electronic search in Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus and The Cochrane Library was carried out by two independent reviewers until April 2018. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies, case series and case reports describing clinical and/or radiological characteristics of patients with BMC were included. Registered variables were demographic, etiological factors, diagnostic exam, clinical characteristics and treatment options. The results from the articles selected were organized in a Table along with the characteristics of two new cases of BMC provided by the authors.ResultsFrom a total of 431 articles found in the initial search, 68 articles were finally included. This systematic review included 216 patients and 270 BMC with an average age of 30.6 (SD=14.7) years and a women:men ratio of 1.4:1. Mediolateral condylar orientation was the most prevalent position (80.1%). Among cases with known etiology, 40.8% of cases had a history of traumatism, while 55.9% did not present any relevant medical background. Half of the symptomatic cases had history of trauma. The most common symptoms were hypomobility (22.7%), arthralgia (18.1%), articular noise (17.2%) and ankylosis (17.6%). Active monitoring and manufacturing an occlusal splint were the most frequent treatment options.ConclusionsBMC may have congenital or traumatic etiology. Hypomobility and arthralgia are the most frequent symptoms and treatment options are often conservative. Key words:Bifid mandibular condyle, trifid condyle, tetrafid condyle, condylar orientation, ankyloses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifid mandibular condyles: A systematic review

2018

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“…Regarding the treatment of TMC, 6 out of 14 cases did not suggest any treatment as they were asymptomatic [1,2,[4][5][6]17], and 3 out of 14, including the present case report, recommended follow up [3,8,16]. In Antoniades K. et al's TMC case report of a 15-year-old boy presented with mandibular hypoplasia, restricted mouth opening and snoring during sleep, it was recommended that the boy use muscle relaxants, occlusal splint and a wooden tongue spatula as treatment; an improvement of mouth opening and the mandibular movements during function was also reported [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…signs such as: deviation of the mandible while opening, jaw weakness, mandibular hypo plasia, restricted mouth opening and clicking joint noises. Other reported signs include snoring during sleep, Frey's syndrome, facial asymmetry, swelling of the masseteric re gion and incisal midline shift [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]16,17,20,21].…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trifid mandibular condyle (TMC) is a rare and uncommon anatomical variation [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] in which the head of the condyle is split into three distinct heads via grooves of variable depths. Most of the existing literature relates to the bifid variant (BMC) characterized by the duplication of the mandibular condyle [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other health conditions such as endocrine disorders, nutritional deficiency, infection, trauma, irradiation and genetic factors were found to be linked to TMC [ 16 ]. TMC is more rarely found than BMC and is usually an incidental inspected finding diagnosed during routine radiographic examinations and typically has no distinct clinical symptoms [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The most common signs and symptoms associated with BMC include hypomobility, arthralgia, intra articular noises and ankylosis [ 15 ], while the ones found to be associated with TMC include pain, anterior open bite and temporomandibular disorder signs such as: deviation of the mandible while opening, jaw weakness, mandibular hypoplasia, restricted mouth opening and clicking joint noises.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trifid Mandibular Condyle: Case Report and Current Review of the Literature

Zoabi

Kats

Ram

et al. 2022

Life

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Trifid mandibular condyle (TMC) is a rare anatomical variation characterized by the duplication of the mandibular condyle. The aim of this study is to report a new case of a 26-year-old female patient with a left TMC and to review the current existing literature on TMC, the relevant cases, etiology, symptoms and different treatment modalities. The database engines PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane and CINAHL were searched for TMC cases from inception until April of 2022. Only 13 previous cases of TMC were found. Although it is a rare anatomical entity, TMC is increasingly being detected due to more advanced imaging techniques, especially computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) emerging in the field of dentistry. The etiology and pathogenesis of TMC and its relationship with TMD are still unclear. Further studies and follow-up may help to better understand this anatomic variant and possible interactions with local pathologies.

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