Bigh3 Is Upregulated in Regenerating Zebrafish Fin

Abstract

Zebrafish is a good model for studying regeneration because of the rapidity with which it occurs. Better understanding of this process may lead in the future to improvement of the regenerating capacity of humans. Signaling factors are the second largest category of genes, regulated during regeneration after the regulators of wound healing. Major developmental signaling pathways play a role in this multistep process, such as Bmp, Fgf, Notch, retinoic acid, Shh, and Wnt. In the present study, we focus on TGF-β-induced genes, bigh3 and bambia. Bigh3 encodes keratoepithelin, a protein first identified as an extracellular matrix protein reported to play a role in cell adhesion, as well as in cornea formation and osteogenesis. The expression of bigh3 in zebrafish fins has previously been reported. Here we demonstrate that tgf-b1 and tgf-b3 mRNA reacted with delay, first showing no regulation at 3 dpa, followed by upregulation at 4 and 5 dpa. Tgf-b1, tgf-2, and tgf-brII mRNA were back to normal levels at 10 dpa. Only tgf-b3 mRNA was still upregulated at that time. Bigh3 mRNA followed the upregulation of tgf-b1, while bambia mRNA behaved similarly to tgf-b2 mRNA. We show that upregulation of bigh3 and bambia mRNA correlated with the process of fin regeneration and regulation of TGF-b signaling, suggesting a new role for these proteins.

Incomplete Recovery of Zebrafish Retina Following Cryoinjury

“…During zebrafish development, red and green cones are the first cone opsins to be expressed, eventually forming the fused red-green double cones. These photoreceptors are arranged in parallel lines within the normal retina [26,27]. The typical staining pattern for an intact retina was evident in the control tissue (Figure 5A).…”

“…Both gelatinases have also been shown to play a role in zebrafish fin and newt limb regeneration [26,61]. Tgfbi is a component of the ECM, upregulated in zebrafish fin regeneration, downstream target of TGF-β (downregulator) and Mmp9 activator and serves as a pro-apoptotic protein in the retina [27,[62][63][64]. Therefore, we were interested to see if mmp2, mmp9 and tgfbi were differentially expressed following cryoinjury.…”

Recent proteomic advances in developmental, regeneration, and cancer governing signaling pathways

“…TGF‐β superfamily signaling has been implicated in development , wound healing , tissue regeneration events , and cancer . Some proteomics‐driven studies have been successful in contributing to the knowledge on how TGF‐β superfamily is modulated in different processes.…”

Papel da fímbria ECP na patogênese de >i<Escherichia coli>/i< enteropatogênica atípica.

“…Este animal possui fertilização externa, ou seja, é possível analisar o desenvolvimento a partir do estágio com apenas algumas células embrionárias. Além disso, as larvas de zebrafish são transparentes até aproximadamente duas semanas após a fertilização, o que permite o rastreamento e acompanhamento em tempo real de todos os órgãos internos, células do sistema imune, entre outros (PAGE et al, 2013;ZAPATA et al, 2006). Essas características criam excelentes possibilidades de geração de imagens in vivo em combinação com ferramentas avançadas para…”

“…Importante ressaltar que o zebrafish possui sistema imune inato, com macrófagos, neutrófilos e eosinófilos (PAGE et al, 2013;ZAPATA et al, 2006), e adaptativo, tornando-se um modelo interessante para o estudo das interações dos patógenos com os hospedeiros. A resposta imune inata dos embriões é capaz de resistir à infecção microbiana, apenas um dia pós-fertilização, enquanto a maturação da resposta adaptativa é completada em apenas três semanas depois do desenvolvimento do peixe (VARAS et al, 2017).…”