“…Community members engaged in heritage perpetuation note the loss of traditional practices and knowledge due to the tribes' loss of land management authority (Coder, Randall, Smith-Rocha, & Hines, 2005). Other observers have generally noted the connections between traditional Apache knowledge and resource management (National Wildlife Foundation, n.d.), and have looked at Western Apache relations to landscapes from an historical perspective (Ferguson & Colwell-Chanthaphonh, 2006;Record, 2008). Scientists and community members document the ways that non-tribal land managers and resource specialists have harmed the Ndee Dawa Dabini' and associated heritage and cultural practice (Pilsk & Cassa, 2005;Welch, 1997;Welch, Riley, & Nixon, 2009), voicing hope for the perpetuation and productive application of cultural-geographic and environmental knowledge (Welch & Riley, 2001).…”