Big problem, little answer: overcoming bed agglomeration and reactor slagging during the gasification of barley straw under continuous operation

Alabdrabalameer, Hassan A.; Taylor, Martin J.; Kauppinen, Juho; Soini, Teemu; Pikkarainen, Toni; Skoulou, Vasiliki

doi:10.1039/d0se00155d

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Fluidization properties: formation of agglomerates or low melting compounds with parts of the feedstock must be avoided. This becomes difficult if a herbaceous feedstock-high in ash and alkali metals-is used and might require mitigation measures like pre-treatment [30,31] or feedstock mixing [32]. 7.…”

Section: Bed Materials For Chemical Looping Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a 1 MWth Pilot Plant for Chemical Looping Gasification of Biogenic Residues

et al. 2021

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Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is a promising process for the thermochemical solid to liquid conversion route using lattice oxygen, provided by a solid oxygen carrier material, to produce a nitrogen free synthesis gas. Recent advances in lab-scale experiments show that CLG with biomass has the possibility to produce a carbon neutral synthesis gas. However, all experiments have been conducted in externally heated units, not enabling autothermal operation. In this study, the modification of an existing pilot plant for demonstrating autothermal operation of CLG is described. Energy and mass balances are calculated using a validated chemical looping combustion process model extended for biomass gasification. Based on six operational cases, adaptations of the pilot plant are designed and changes discussed. A reactor configuration using two circulating fluidized bed reactors with internal solid circulation in the air reactor is proposed and a suitable operating strategy devised. The resulting experimental unit enables a reasonable range of operational parameters within restrictions imposed from autothermal operation.

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Section: Bed Materials For Chemical Looping Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a 1 MWth Pilot Plant for Chemical Looping Gasification of Biogenic Residues

et al. 2021

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“…Many researchers carried out straw leaching at different temperatures, from 25 up to 100 °C . Consumption of distilled, deionized or tap water for straw leaching was characterized by water-to-straw ratio, which was from (0.00525–0.024) L/g (Thompson et al), 0.012 L/g (Wu et al), 0.040 L/g (Jenkins et al), 0.050 L/g (Ma et al), and up to 0.065 L/g (Alabdrabalameer et al) . Straw leaching was often conducted without control of leaching completion; measurements of leachate electrical conductivity or water consumption were not reported. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are different approaches to describing the behavior of leached straw ash: measurements of ash composition with calculations changing slagging and fouling indexes, describing the behavior of leached straw ash in energy installation, and determining characteristic temperatures of ash melting behavior . In the last-mentioned paper, it was shown that due to appropriate water leaching, the ash deformation temperature increased from 920 °C for the original straw to 1320 °C for the leached, and for another sample of straw, from 910 to 1250 °C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are different approaches for improving the properties of straw as fuel, first of all to raise temperatures characterizing ash melting, among them: straw weathering in the field with partial removal of chlorine and alkali metals by rainwater and dew; 7 leaching of straw with water giving removal of chlorine and water-soluble part of alkali metals, improving combustion 23 and gasification 24 of straw; and leaching with water solutions of different acids (acetic acid, 25 sulfuric acid, 26 and carbonic acid 27 ) allowing the removal of alkali and alkali-earth metals by leaching and ion exchange. Application of additives to straw 28 or straw pellets 29 to raise ash melting temperatures was also studied, which is not the subject of this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thompson et al), 33 0.012 L/g (Wu et al), 35 0.040 L/g (Jenkins et al), 23 0.050 L/g (Ma et al),36 and up to 0.065 L/g (Alabdrabalameer et al) 24. Straw leaching…”

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Complex Study of Straw Suitability for the Production of Nonindustrial Straw Pellets

Zhovmir,

Moško,

Farták

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Nonindustrial straw pellets should comply with limitations on the content of ash, chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, and heavy metals, and have a high melting temperature of ash. To produce such pellets, the properties of straw can be improved by leaching. In known papers, the completion of chlorine washing-out was not controlled. Aims of the paper were to study ash solubility at leaching of straw until completion of chlorine removal and to make a conclusion on studied straw suitability for the production of nonindustrial pellets. Aims were achieved by straw soaking with heating to 100 °C and subsequent plug flow flashing with control of leaching completion by the absence of chlorine in leachate; studying the ash, chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, and heavy metals content of straw; studying the thermal behavior of ash at heating; determining the initial deformation temperature (IDT) of ash; and comparing the properties of original and leached straw with the specification of straw pellets. Straw leaching until completion of chlorine washing-out provided decreasing chlorine, nitrogen, and sulfur contents below limitations, and the ash content decreased from 7.15 to 3.93% at water leaching to 4.29% at leaching with a 10% solution of acetic acid. In the ternary diagram, the composition of straw ash shifted from a zone of low melting eutectics to zones of high-melting tridymite and cristobalite. The IDT of the original straw ash was 847, 1250 °C after water leaching, and above 1275 °C after leaching with an acetic acid solution. Monitoring the absence of chlorine in the leaching liquid can be applied as a control parameter for straw leaching completion. The original straw was not suitable for the production of nonindustrial pellets because of the high contents of Cl, S, and Cr and the low IDT of ash. All indexes of straw were improved due to leaching, but the Cr content was above limitation. Producers of pellets need to assess straw suitability as to heavy metal content both in the original and leached states.

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Overview of biomass conversion to biofuels

Cheah

Taylor

Evans

et al. 2022

Value-Chain of Biofuels

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Big problem, little answer: overcoming bed agglomeration and reactor slagging during the gasification of barley straw under continuous operation

Abstract: Leaching barley straw has been found to eliminate reactor slagging and fluidised bed agglomeration under continuous gasification.

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Design of a 1 MWth Pilot Plant for Chemical Looping Gasification of Biogenic Residues

Design of a 1 MWth Pilot Plant for Chemical Looping Gasification of Biogenic Residues

Complex Study of Straw Suitability for the Production of Nonindustrial Straw Pellets

Overview of biomass conversion to biofuels

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