Bifunctional nano-Ag₃PO₄ with capabilities of enhancing ceftazidime for sterilization and removing residues

Abstract

Since the efficacy of antibiotics towards bacteria is decreasing over time, the rising of antibiotic emission has become an increasingly grave issue. In this study, we proposed an integrated antibacterial nanotechnology without pollution residues, which synergistically enhances the antibacterial activity of ceftazidime by using the inorganic nano-Ag 3 PO 4 , and subsequently removes drug residues by photocatalysis. Ag 3 PO 4 were synthesized using a simple ion-exchange method without any reducing agent or protectant. The combined antibacterial activity of Ag 3 PO 4 and 22 kinds of antibiotics against Escherichia coli was first studied. The results showed that Ag 3 PO 4 and ceftazidime exhibited the best synergistic effect. Next, the synergy mechanism was proposed, the non-chemical bond forces between Ag 3 PO 4 and ceftazidime was determined by zeta potential analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The interaction between antimicrobials and bacteria was further demonstrated by surface plasma resonance spectroscopy (SPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and propidium iodide (PI) staining. In addition, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the induction of oxidative stress and dissolution of silver ions in Ag 3 PO 4 were studied and found out that only under light, could the ROS be generated. In conclusion, the synergistic effect of Ag 3 PO 4 and ceftazidime is responsible for the joint destruction of cell wall.

Synthesis of M-Ag3PO4, (M = Se, Ag, Ta) Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Study

“…It is also effective at killing bacteria and fungi [ 23 , 24 , 25 ] and has even higher activity than streptomycin [ 26 ]. The biological activity is enhanced in conjugation [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Zhuang et al [ 30 ] tested Ag 3 PO 4 /AgBr for enhanced anticorrosion photocatalysis.…”

Rational Design of W-Doped Ag3PO4 as an Efficient Antibacterial Agent and Photocatalyst for Organic Pollutant Degradation

“…Moreover, the inductive effect of PO 4 3– anions further promotes the separation of charge carriers . Although Ag 3 PO 4 has been found to exhibit a higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of organic dyes than TiO 2 , − this material can also be considered a promising antibacterial agent for environmental remediation. − Further technological breakthroughs have been presented combining Ag 3 PO 4 and ceftazidime for sterilization and residue removal as well as Ag 3 PO 4 and lidocaine to prevent infections . However, the practical application of Ag 3 PO 4 is restricted by the photocorrosion resulting from its poor photostability and rapid recombination of photogenerated e′–h • pairs. , …”

Electrochemical Preparation of Synergistic Nanoantimicrobials

“…Therefore, the new strategies against multidrug resistant microorganisms are more and more based on selected antimicrobials, such as antibiotics and/or peptides. In this regards, multimetal NPs can offer a suitable alternative [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”