By the combination of N,N′-bis(carboxymethyl)-pyromellitic diimide (H2CMPMD, 1) and zinc ions, a novel PMD-based coordination polymer (CP),
[Zn(CMPMD)(DMF)1.5]·0.5DMF (2) (DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide), has been
prepared and characterized. 1 and 2 exhibit
completely different photochromic properties, which are mainly reflected
in the photoresponsive rate (5 s for 1 vs 1 s for 2) and coloration contrast (from colorless to light green
for 1 vs green for 2). This phenomenon should
be attributed to the introduction of zinc ions and the consequent
formation of the distinct interfacial contacts of electron donors
(EDs) and electron acceptors (EAs) (dn‑π =
3.404 and 3.448 Å for 1 vs dn‑π = 3.343, 3.359, 3.398, and 3.495 Å for 2), suggesting
a subtle modulating effect of metal ions on interfacial contacts,
photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer (PIET) and photochromic
behaviors. Interestingly, the photochromic performance of 2 can be enhanced after the removal of coordinated DMF, which might
be ascribed to the decrease of the distance of EDs/EAs caused by lattice
shrinkage, which further improves the efficiency of PIET. Meanwhile, 2 displays rapid electrochromic behavior with an obvious reversible
color change from colorless to green, which can be used in an electrochromic
device. This work develops a new type of EA for the construction of
stimuli-responsive functional materials with excellent dual photo-/electrochromic
properties.