Bifocal Control of Myopia

Oakley, Kenneth H.; Young, Francis A.

doi:10.1097/00006324-197511000-00005

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…He also found, as our model predicts, that refractive changes are greater when a patient is myopic rather than hyperopic or emmetropic. Oakley and Young [12] report, similar to our results, a myopia progression rate of 0.3 to 0.7 diopters/year for fully corrected myopes ages 6 to 17. According to our model, under-correction of myopia should reduce the progression of myopia only slightly, since the eye is still substantially corrected.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…According to our model, under-correction of myopia should reduce the progression of myopia only slightly, since the eye is still substantially corrected. Reports of the effect of under-correction, for distance and near, are varied as the following reports exemplify [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The conflicting results may be due to the small effect of under-correction and the difficulty of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The progression of corrected myopia

Medina

2015

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose This study seeks to demonstrate the existence of a feedback loop controlling myopia by comparing the prediction of a feedback model to the actual progression of corrected myopia. In addition to theoretical results, confirming clinical data are presented. Methods The refraction of 13 continuously corrected myopic eyes was collected over a period of time ranging from 4 to 9 years from the time of their first correction. Refractive data was collected in an optometry office from myopic young subjects from the general population in Boston. Subjects were myopes, ages 2 to 22 at the time of first correction selected randomly from a larger population. All individuals were fully corrected with lenses; new lenses were prescribed every time that their myopia increased by 0.25 diopters or more. Subjects wore their spectacle lenses during the followed period. Results Subjects exhibit a linear time course of myopia progression when corrected with lenses. The observed rate of myopia increase is 0.2 to 1.0 diopters/year, with a mean correlation coefficient r =−0.971, p<0.005. Conclusions This report establishes that feedback control theory applies to the clinical phenomenon of progressive myopia. Continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression that increases myopia. The Laplace transformation of temporal refractive data to the s-domain simplifies the study of myopia and emmetropia. The feedback transfer function predicts that continuous correction of myopia results in a linear progression because continuous correction opens the feedback loop. This prediction is confirmed with all subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The progression of corrected myopia

Medina

2015

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…[7][8][9] Clinical trials that evaluated the ability of these lenses to slow myopic progression provided varying results ranging from no success, 10,11 limited success 12,13 to clinically significant reduction of myopia. 14,15 Several studies have shown that myopic children with esophoria display greater benefit (i.e., reduced progression of myopia) from wearing near adds compared with children with exo or orthophoria. 13,16,17 In addition, accommodative responses seemed to influence myopia progression through the near add, with the greatest reduction of myopic progression observed in children with larger accommodative lags 13,16 and in esophoric children with higher lags of accommodation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Binocular Adaptation to +2 D Lenses in Myopic and Emmetropic Children

Sreenivasan¹,

Irving²,

Bobier³

2009

Optometry and Vision Science

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“…A large number of clinical trials and retrospective studies that have evaluated bifocal lenses are severely limited by small sample size, lack of a control group, lack of randomisation in the allocation of treatment groups or a combination of these deficiencies. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Furthermore, bifocal lenses may be less cosmetically acceptable, are difficult to adapt to, and compliance with spectacle wear may be a problem. In addition, children may not always use the lower segment of the lens for reading.…”

Section: Bifocals and Multifocalsmentioning

confidence: 99%