Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 Administration Is Associated with a Significant Reduction in the Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Tobias, Joseph; Olyaei, Amy; Laraway, Bryan; Jordan, Brian K.; Dickinson, Stephanie; Golzarri‐Arroyo, Lilian; Fialkowski, Elizabeth; Owora, Arthur H.; Scottoline, Brian

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.12.070

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Interest in manipulating microbes and their metabolic readouts, including probiotics, prebiotics (that is, substrates for beneficial microbes), synbiotics (microbes and growth stimulants) and postbiotics (microbial metabolites) [93][94][95][96] , as well as FMTs, has since increased considerably. Examples of successful microbiome manipulation in humans includes FMT for Clostridioides difficile infection and the use of probiotics to prevent and treat necrotizing enterocolitis in infants 97,98 .…”

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the microbiome to prevent global biodiversity loss

et al. 2022

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Global biodiversity loss and mass extinction of species are two of the most critical environmental issues the world is currently facing, resulting in the disruption of various ecosystems central to environmental functions and human health. Microbiome-targeted interventions, such as probiotics and microbiome transplants, are emerging as potential options to reverse deterioration of biodiversity and increase the resilience of wildlife and ecosystems. However, the implementation of these interventions is urgently needed. We summarize the current concepts, bottlenecks and ethical aspects encompassing the careful and responsible management of ecosystem resources using the microbiome (termed microbiome stewardship) to rehabilitate organisms and ecosystem functions. We propose a real-world application framework to guide environmental and wildlife probiotic applications. This framework details steps that must be taken in the upscaling process while weighing risks against the high toll of inaction. In doing so, we draw parallels with other aspects of contemporary science moving swiftly in the face of urgent global challenges.

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Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the microbiome to prevent global biodiversity loss

et al. 2022

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“…99.5% of sequences were classified to family-level; only 73.8% were classified to genus-level) – this was largely due to homogeneity within the 16S rRNA gene V4 hypervariable region amongst Enterobacteriaceae . Whilst this was pragmatically necessitated, this depth of differentiation did not reach the level of maximum clinical applicability, when antibiotic choices are based upon species and resistance profiles, and probiotics are formulated at strain level 42 . The capability of shotgun metagenomics to differentiate to these levels has been demonstrated 43-45 and is of the utmost relevance when a clinical future of microbiome manipulation can be envisaged, via the use of narrow-spectrum, targeted antibiotic regimens and probiotic administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous Antibiotics in Preterm Infants have a Long-Term Negative Effect upon Microbiome Development Throughout Preterm Life – an observational study

Hutchinson

Costeloe

Wade

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Intestinal dysbiosis is implicated in the origins of necrotising enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm babies. However, the effect of modulators of bacterial growth (e.g. antibiotics) upon the developing microbiome is not well-characterised. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with contemporaneous clinical data collection, the within-subject relationship between antibiotic administration and microbiome development was assessed, in comparison to preterm infants with minimal antibiotic exposure. During courses of antibiotics, diversity progression fell in comparison to that seen outside periods of antibiotic use (-0.71units/week vs. +0.63units/week, p<0.01); Enterobacteriaceae relative abundance progression conversely rose (+10.6%/week vs. -8.9%/week, p<0.01). After antibiotic cessation, diversity progression remained suppressed (+0.2units/week, p=0.02). Antibiotic use has an acute and longer-lasting impact on the developing preterm intestinal microbiome. This has clinical implications with regard to the contribution of antibiotic use to evolving dysbiosis, and affects the interpretation of existing microbiome studies where this effect modulator is rarely accounted for.

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“…2 ) 216 . This is important in the context of NEC, as numerous studies have shown that supplementation with Bifidobacterium (and Lactobacillus ) probiotics significantly reduces NEC incidence in preterm infants 217 , including strain EVC001 218 . This links to previous findings in various animal models and ex vivo studies also showing how addition of specific strains of Bifidobacterium can reduce intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and NEC pathology in vivo 219 .…”

Section: Immune Modulation By Microbiome-based Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome-based interventions to modulate gut ecology and the immune system

et al. 2022

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The gut microbiome lies at the intersection between the environment and the host, with the ability to modify host responses to disease-relevant exposures and stimuli. This is evident in how enteric microbes interact with the immune system, e.g., supporting immune maturation in early life, affecting drug efficacy via modulation of immune responses, or influencing development of immune cell populations and their mediators. Many factors modulate gut ecosystem dynamics during daily life and we are just beginning to realise the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of microbiome-based interventions. These approaches vary in application, goal, and mechanisms of action. Some modify the entire community, such as nutritional approaches or faecal microbiota transplantation, while others, such as phage therapy, probiotics, and prebiotics, target specific taxa or strains. In this review, we assessed the experimental evidence for microbiome-based interventions, with a particular focus on their clinical relevance, ecological effects, and modulation of the immune system.

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Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 Administration Is Associated with a Significant Reduction in the Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

Harnessing the microbiome to prevent global biodiversity loss

Harnessing the microbiome to prevent global biodiversity loss

Intravenous Antibiotics in Preterm Infants have a Long-Term Negative Effect upon Microbiome Development Throughout Preterm Life – an observational study

Microbiome-based interventions to modulate gut ecology and the immune system

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