Bifid tongue and mandibular cleft in three mule foals

Rifaï, S. El; Bouayad, Hassan; Kay, G.; Knottenbelt, Derek C.; Smith, Maggie

doi:10.1136/vr.158.3.97

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The observed lesions are compatible with bifid tongue and mandibular fissure, both previously reported in other species [10, 25,27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Thus, orchiectomy was indicated as soon the animal recovered from the first surgical procedure. Rifai et al [25] reported that three mules were destined for traction following reduction glossoplasty and correction of mandibular fissure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rifai et al [25] reported the case of a 12-day--old mule with a history of not being able to suckle that was referred to a society for the protection of animals in Morocco. Assessment of the buccal cavity revealed the presence of a bifid tongue and mandibular fissure, and the animal was referred for correction surgery and postoperative treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bifid tongue or glossoschisis is a rare congenital abnormality in any species [25] and is characterized by the incomplete fusion of the lateral tongue buds, thus resulting in a deep groove in the midline of the tongue [8]. It has been previously described in mules, in which it is occasionally associated with lesions in mandibular fusion [25], dogs [27], bovines [4], and humans [11,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction Glossoplasty in a Calf with Bifid Tongue

Lopes

Helavel

Cunha

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Fetal malformations are characterized by anatomical changes that compromise an organ or system. Tongue formation in bovines occurs with the fusion of three structures at the end of the fourth week of gestation, and any failure during this stage of embryonic development may lead to tongue malformation. Bifid tongue, also called glossoschisis, is a rare congenital abnormality in any species and is characterized by incomplete fusion of the lateral tongue buds, resulting in a deep groove in the midline of the tongue. The objective of this study was to describe a case of bifid tongue and the procedure of reduction glossoplasty in a calf of the Girolando breed in Tocantins State. Case: A male mixed-breed (Holstein-Friesian × Gir) calf, born from natural mating in the municipality of Araguaína, Tocantins, was clinically assessed in the Sector of Ruminant Clinical Medicine of the Federal University of Tocantins at 2 months of age. The owner reported that the animal exhibited difficulty in suckling after birth and that on inspection of the oral cavity, he observed changes in the tongue and mandible. Clinical examination of the oral cavity revealed the presence of a bifid tongue and abnormal fusion of the mandible in the region of the lower incisive teeth. It was decided to perform a surgical procedure with the aim of improving the animal's quality of life because the owner wanted to keep it in the farm. An incision was made, followed by removal of the medial rims of the two tines of the tongue, and synthesis was performed, joining the ventral rims of the tongue, beginning at the root and ending at the apex. Discussion: The observed lesions are compatible with bifid tongue and mandibular fissure, both previously reported in other species. The literature has no reports of bifid tongue in bovines. The etiology of fetal malformations is still unclear, and the primary causes known in Brazil include ingestion of toxic plants by the mother, such as Mimosa tenuiflora and Poincianella pyramidalis; infections, with the main viral agents being bovine viral diarrhea virus and blue tongue virus; and teratogenic agents, namely certain medications administered during embryogenesis, e.g., ivermectin. Other potentially teratogenic agents that have not been identified as causes of malformation include radiation, cortisone, benzimidazoles, sulfonamides, folate antagonists, and organophosphates. The intense genetic improvement that the Holstein-Friesian breed has been subjected to, including inbreeding that results in consanguinity, may be a determining factor for the breed carrying mutant alleles. Because the calf in this report was crossbred from parents with Holstein-Friesian ancestry, it could carry mutant alleles that led to the malformation. Another etiology proposed in a study on embryological bases by Goodacre and Wallace (1990) is the persistence of buccopharyngeal membrane and amniotic constriction bands in the region of the branchial arches; this cause cannot be ruled out in the present case. Calves born with fetal m...

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“…The observed lesions are compatible with bifid tongue and mandibular fissure, both previously reported in other species [10, 25,27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reduction Glossoplasty in a Calf with Bifid Tongue

Lopes

Helavel

Cunha

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…Histologically and anatomically, donkeys' and horses' teeth are similar [69]. Congenital deformities of the upper alimentary tract have been described in donkeys and mules, including bifid tongue, and cleft of the mandible, lip, or palate [70,71]. Donkeys are prone to sialoliths although the cause is unclear [72].…”

Section: Dental Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donkey Internal Medicine—Part I: Metabolic, Endocrine, and Alimentary Tract Disturbances

Mendoza

Toribio

Pérez-Écija

2018

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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a b s t r a c tMetabolic and endocrine disturbances are common in donkeys. This species has an inherent ability to thrive with limited and poor-quality roughage. Donkeys are extremely efficient in energy storage and mobilization, which predisposes to hyperlipemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of dyslipidemias is higher in donkeys than other equids, which is more evident under stressful conditions. Diagnosis of endocrine and metabolic disorders in donkeys should be based on species-specific information considering that differences in a multitude of variables compared with horses have been demonstrated. Protocols to assess endocrine disorders (e.g., pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and thyroid illness) are unavailable, and extrapolation from horse data can be misleading. Treatment guidelines for these conditions in donkeys are currently not reported. On the other hand, the typical stoic and hardy behavior of donkeys can hinder prompt diagnosis of gastrointestinal problems, specifically colic, which is commonly caused by dental issues in this species. Moreover, subclinical gastric ulcer syndrome appears to be a common pathology in this species, especially in working donkeys.

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