Biennial versus annual treatment for schistosomiasis and its impact on liver morbidity

Olveda, David U.; Inobaya, Marianette T.; McManus, Donald P.; Olveda, Remigio M.; Vinluan, Marilyn L.; Ng, Shu‐Kay; Harn, Donald A.; Li, Yuesheng; Guevarra, Jerric R.; Lam, Alfred King‐Yin; Ross, Allen G.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.10.001

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Despite praziquantel therapy not being fully curative, a greater egg count reduction ratio correlated with a greater reduction in odds of most morbidities in their analyses. Olveda et al 25 also demonstrated that clinical outcomes of liver fibrosis due to schistosomiasis could be reversed over time with praziquantel treatment. Botelho et al 26 showed that schistosome infections can lead to significant, yet largely unacknowledged morbidities such as stunting and wasting, further emphasizing the need for treatment and control measures for schistosomiasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma mansoni Mass Drug Administration Regimens and Their Effect on Morbidity among Schoolchildren over a 5-Year Period—Kenya, 2010–2015

Sircar

Mwinzi

Onkanga

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.Schistosomiasis control programs are designed to reduce morbidity by providing mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel to at-risk populations. We compared morbidity markers between two cohorts of Kenyan schoolchildren that initially had high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infections. One cohort (N = 416 at year 1) received four rounds of annual MDA in a community-wide treatment (CWT) strategy. The other cohort (N = 386 at year 1) received school-based treatment (SBT) every other year over the 4-year period. We measured infection with S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) as well as subtle morbidity markers at year 1, year 3, and year 5 and compared cohorts with mixed models after controlling for age and gender. At year 5, neither overall S. mansoni prevalence nor the prevalence of high infection–intensity S. mansoni infection was significantly reduced compared with baseline in either the CWT cohort (N = 277 remaining) or the SBT cohort (N = 235 remaining). Nevertheless, by year 5, children in both cohorts demonstrated significant decreases in wasting, ultrasound-detected organomegaly, and STH infection along with significantly improved pediatric quality-of-life scores compared with year 1. Stunting did not change over time, but children who were S. mansoni egg–positive at year 5 had significantly more stunting than children without schistosomiasis. The only significant difference between arms at year 5 was a lower prevalence of STH infections in the CWT group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma mansoni Mass Drug Administration Regimens and Their Effect on Morbidity among Schoolchildren over a 5-Year Period—Kenya, 2010–2015

Sircar

Mwinzi

Onkanga

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…China has attained substantial achievements in the control of schistosomiasis japonica, with elimination now on the horizon; however, the disease remains a major public health challenge in the Philippines with high prevalence reported in several endemic areas [4, 5, 24], although the intensity of infection has been reduced following extensive MDA implementation [6]. The continuation of this high prevalence is due, in part, to the pronounced rainfall levels in the schistosome-endemic areas, promoting propagation of the Oncomelania hupensis snail intermediate hosts, and also the large number of non-human mammalian reservoirs (particularly bovines; water buffaloes and cattle) which contribute significantly to disease transmission, which makes control more challenging and difficult [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, the estimated number of human cases dropped from 840,000 in 2004 to 54,454 by the end of 2016 [3]. In the Philippines, an estimated 580,000 individuals were reported infected as of 2010 [4], and the prevalence in a number of endemic areas remains high although the intensity of infection has dropped in recent years [5, 6]. In this era of extensive MDA and as elimination is on the horizon, more sensitive diagnostic tools for diagnosis of schistosomiasis are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Kato Katz, antibody-based ELISA and droplet digital PCR diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica: Lessons learnt from a setting of low infection intensity

Cai

Weerakoon

et al. 2019

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundZoonotic schistosomiasis in Asia, caused by Schistosoma japonicum, remains a major public health concern in China and the Philippines. The developing epidemiological and socio-economic picture of the disease in endemic areas necessitates the development of affordable and highly accurate field diagnostics as an important component in evaluating ongoing integrated control and elimination efforts.MethodsThree diagnostic methods, namely Kato-Katz (KK) stool microscopy, ELISA and droplet digital (dd) PCR assays, were compared by detecting infection in a total of 412 participants from an area moderately endemic for schistosomiasis in the Philippines.ResultsThis comprehensive comparison further defined the diagnostic performance and features for each assay. Compared with the ddPCR assay analysing DNA from faeces (F_ddPCR), which exhibited the highest sensitivity, the SjSAP4 + Sj23-LHD-ELISA had the best accuracy (67.2%) among all five ELISA assays assessed. Schistosomiasis prevalence determined by the SjSAP4 + Sj23-LHD-ELISA and ddPCRs was similar and was at least 2.5 times higher than obtained with the KK method. However, the agreement between these assays was low. In terms of cost and logistical convenience, the SjSAP4 + Sj23-LHD-ELISA represents a cost-effective assay with considerable diagnostic merits. In contrast, although the ddPCR assays exhibited a high level of diagnostic performance, the high cost and the need for specialized equipment presents a major obstacle in their application in screening campaigns.ConclusionThe SjSAP4 + Sj23-LHD-ELISA represents a cost-effective tool for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis that could prove an important component in the monitoring of integrated control measures as elimination draws closer, whereas the ddPCR assays, in addition to their high sensitivity and specificity, are capable of quantifying infection intensity. However, the high cost of ddPCR hinders its wider application in screening programs, although it could be a valuable reference in the development and improvement of other diagnostic assays.

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“…For more than over the last three decades, the area has had active schistosomiasis control programs, including a mass drug administration (MDA) program which commenced in 2008. Free annual treatment (Praziquantel 40 mg/kg in a single dose) is delivered to all individuals aged between 5-65 years in accordance with the Department of Health Administrative Order 2007-0015, but the compliance rate varies [55]. It is worthwhile to note that the S. japonicum reinfection rate in the area is also high [56].…”

Section: Study Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Exosomal miRNAs for Grading Hepatic Fibrosis Due to Schistosomiasis

Cai

Olveda

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Chronic infection with Schistosoma japonicum or Schistosoma mansoni results in hepatic fibrosis of the human host. The staging of fibrosis is crucial for prognosis and to determine the need for treatment of patients with schistosomiasis. This study aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between the levels of serum exosomal micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) (exomiRs) and fibrosis progression in schistosomiasis. Reference gene (RG) validation was initially carried out for the analysis of serum exomiRs expression in staging liver fibrosis caused by schistosome infection. The expression levels of liver fibrosis-associated exomiRs in serum were determined in a murine schistosomiasis model and in a cohort of Filipino schistosomiasis japonica patients (n = 104) with different liver fibrosis grades. Of twelve RG candidates validated, miR-103a-3p and miR-425-5p were determined to be the most stable genes in the murine schistosomiasis model and subjects from the schistosomiasis-endemic area, respectively. The temporal expression profiles of nine fibrosis-associated serum exomiRs, as well as their correlations with the liver pathologies, were determined in C57BL/6 mice during S. japonicum infection. The serum levels of three exomiRs (miR-92a-3p, miR-146a-5p and miR-532-5p) were able to distinguish subjects with fibrosis grades I-III from those with no fibrosis, but only the serum level of exosomal miR-146a-5p showed potential for distinguishing patients with mild (grades 0–I) versus severe fibrosis (grades II–III). The current data imply that serum exomiRs can be a supplementary tool for grading liver fibrosis in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis with moderate accuracy.

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Biennial versus annual treatment for schistosomiasis and its impact on liver morbidity

Abstract: These findings suggest that in order to reverse moderate to severe liver fibrosis due to schistosomiasis and improve clinical outcomes, a higher clinical dosage of praziquantel (i.e., 60-80mg/kg) may be required over an extended duration.

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Schistosoma mansoni Mass Drug Administration Regimens and Their Effect on Morbidity among Schoolchildren over a 5-Year Period—Kenya, 2010–2015

Schistosoma mansoni Mass Drug Administration Regimens and Their Effect on Morbidity among Schoolchildren over a 5-Year Period—Kenya, 2010–2015

Comparison of Kato Katz, antibody-based ELISA and droplet digital PCR diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica: Lessons learnt from a setting of low infection intensity

Serum Exosomal miRNAs for Grading Hepatic Fibrosis Due to Schistosomiasis

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