Bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF): A systematized bibliography

Abstract

In conjunction with the development of a bidirectional scattering metrology project, a large number of papers pertaining to the theory and measurement of bidirectional scattering from optical surfaces were collected and categorized. This collection includes papers that deal with various aspects of the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF), its measurement, interpretation, use, and implications. Each paper is classified in one or more subject categories on the basis of its technical content. The subject categories are included just to serve as a key to the most salient characteristics of each paper cited. Because of the interest in this field, this bibliography is being published as a service to the public.

Key research on computer aided tolerancing

“…Our novel representation relies only on the incident and outgoing wave direction and the local boundary condition (wedge angle and material). This is similar to a bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) [Asmail 1991] for visual rendering. Our new representation is derived from the exact solution for planar incident waves.…”

Heuristic Modeling and 3D Stereoscopic Visualization of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cell

“…The material properties will define the way the Blender Cycles engine will render the model. The Blender Cycles render engine is a ray tracing method that utilizes Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Functions (BSDF) [57]. For every pixel of an image to be rendered, several rays have to be calculated and the way they are scattered by the different surfaces – i. e., the combination of a 3D model and its material – in their paths.…”

Conjugate refractive–reflective homogeniser in a 500× Cassegrain concentrator: design and limits

“…3). Differences can be seen in how the remainder of the light is distributed at non‐specular angles (scattered) [27, 32]. The effects and contributions of these imperfect optical elements on optical efficiency and acceptance angle are given in Figs.…”

“…The BSDF is generally in the form of a mathematical formula, often encompassing discrete samples of measured data, which approximately models the actual surface behaviour. The BSDF radiometrically characterises the scatter of light from a surface as a function of the angular positions of the incident and scattered rays [27].…”