Bidirectional gene flow between Fagus sylvatica L. and F. orientalis Lipsky despite strong genetic divergence

Budde, Katharina B.; Hötzel, Sophie; Müller, Markus; Samsonidze, Natia; Papageorgiou, Aristotelis C.; Gailing, Oliver

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120947

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Our results suggest distinct genetic divergence of the F. orientalis populations in Hyrcanian forests compared to the Western and Caucasian populations. Previous studies revealed heterogeneity within Fagus lineages in Iran, Georgia, and Türkiye, calling for taxonomic revisions (Budde et al, 2023;Cardoni et al, 2022;Denk, 1999;Denk et al, 2002;Gomory et al, 2018;Gömöry and Paule, 2010;Kurz et al, 2023;Renner et al, 2016). The distinct genetic differentiation observed in the Iranian populations in this study suggests its potential status as a separate species, a conclusion also supported by existing research (e.g., Cardoni et.…”

Section: Evolutionary Divergence Of F Orientalissupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The higher genetic diversity of species in the Hyrcanian forests holds great potential for developing future forests, for example, in Europe, which forests represent lower genetic diversity partly due to glaciations (Gömöry et al, 2007;Koskela et al, 2007). By implementing assisted migration of seed sources and species from the Hyrcanian forests, it is possible to enhance the resilience and resistance of future European forests to ongoing climate change (Budde et al, 2023;Kurz et al, 2023;Mellert and Šeho, 2022;Mellert et al, 2023). The field trials are established in Denmark with Caspian plant materials to assess their adaptive potential and suitability for North European conditions a (Stanturf et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Potential Of Hyrcanian Forests In Shaping Future Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Phylogeography of Tree Species in the Hyrcanian Forests, Iran by Genome-wide SNPs

Vatanparast,

Madsen,

Sagheb-Talebi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Hyrcanian forests in Iran are one of the last remaining natural deciduous forests in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage site. We investigated the population genetics of representative indigenous tree species,Acer velutinumBoiss.,Fagus orientalisLipsky, andQuercus castaneifoliaC.A. Mey. in northern Iran and alsoF. orientalispopulations in the Euro-Siberian and Colchic sub-regions in northern Türkiye. We used the double-digest RAD-seq method and genotyped 90 populations and 1,589 individuals across the distribution range of the species. Our analyses yielded 1,347, 2,091, and 8,881 genome-wide SNPs from 28 populations ofA. velutinum, 32 populations ofF. orientalis, and 30Q. castaneifolia, respectively. Our results revealed higher genetic differentiations amongA. velutinumpopulations than those ofF. orientalisandQ. castaneifoliawithin the Hyrcanian forests. The globalFSTvalue was lowest forF. orientalispopulations (0.019) and highest forA. velutinumpopulations (0.12), while theFISvalue was negative forA. velutinum(–0.095). Demographic history analysis indicated a bottleneck during the last glacial maximum for theA. velutinumpopulations with reduced effective population size. The three species showed evidence of population bottlenecks during the Pliocene. Our findings highlight the pronounced genetic divergence amongA. velutinumpopulations in the Hyrcanian forests compared to the other two species, suggesting cryptic speciation. Conversely,F. orientalisandQ. castaneifoliapopulations demonstrated a reduced level of genetic structure, indicating that species-specific factors, such as pollen production and pollination efficiency, may have influenced the genetic patterns within these species in similar environments. We did not observe significant elevational genetic differentiation within populations of the studied species. Furthermore, theF. orientalispopulations from Türkiye exhibited a distinct west-east genetic structure and were highly diverged from the IranianF. orientalispopulations.

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Section: Evolutionary Divergence Of F Orientalissupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: The Potential Of Hyrcanian Forests In Shaping Future Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Phylogeography of Tree Species in the Hyrcanian Forests, Iran by Genome-wide SNPs

Vatanparast,

Madsen,

Sagheb-Talebi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Are there hybrid zones in Fagus sylvatica L. sensu lato?

Hrivnák,

Krajmerová,

Paule

et al. 2023

Eur J Forest Res

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The complex of beech taxa in western Eurasia (Fagus sylvatica L. s.l.) represents one of the most widespread broad-leaved trees in the temperate forests of the northern hemisphere. Two subspecies are generally recognized, F. sylvatica ssp. sylvatica in Europe and F. sylvatica ssp. orientalis in southwestern Asia, but several strongly differentiated regional populations were identified within this complex. To reveal geographical and genomic patterns of hybridization and introgression, genetic variation at 6789 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) resulting from ddRAD sequencing was studied in 288 specimens representing 207 populations distributed across the whole range. Two clusters resulting from a Bayesian analysis of population Structure well coincided with the subspecies, while increasing the number of clusters allowed to distinguish divergent lineages within subspecies. Two zones of potential hybridization between such lineages were analyzed: western Balkans at the contact of both subspecies and the Alpine area at the contact of populations coming from different glacial refugia. Geographical distribution of hybrid indices in the Balkan hybrid zone indicates asymmetric gene flow preferentially directed from F. orientalis to F. sylvatica. Eight SNPs showed a significant shift of genomic cline centers, seven of them toward excess F. orientalis ancestry, suggesting that introgression irregularly affects different regions of the beech genome. On the other hand, no genomic cline outliers were found in the Alpine hybrid zone. Implications for assisted gene flow are shortly discussed.

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Genomic diversity of major tree species in the Eurasian relict forests of northern Iran

Vatanparast,

Madsen,

Sagheb-Talebi

et al. 2024

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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We investigated population genetics of the native tree species Acer velutinum Boiss., Fagus orientalis Lipsky, and Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey. in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran and also F. orientalis populations in the Euro-Siberian and Colchic subregions of northern Türkiye. We used the double-digest RADseq method and genotyped 90 populations and 1,589 individuals across the distribution range of the species. Genome-wide SNPs from 28 populations of A. velutinum, 32 populations of F. orientalis, and 30 Q. castaneifolia revealed higher genetic differentiation among A. velutinum populations than among F. orientalis and Q. castaneifolia. The global FST value was lowest for F. orientalis populations and highest for A. velutinum populations, while the global FIS value was negative for A. velutinum. Demographic history analysis revealed a bottleneck during the last glacial period (11,500—115,000 Kya) for the A. velutinum populations with reduced effective population size (Ne). All three species show multiple bottlenecks and reduced Ne during the Quaternary. Pronounced genetic divergence among A. velutinum populations in the Hyrcanian forests compared to the other two species suggests cryptic speciation. Conversely, F. orientalis and Q. castaneifolia populations showed low levels of genetic structure, suggesting that species-specific factors, such as pollen production and pollination efficiency, may have influenced the genetic patterns within these species in similar environments. The nucleotide diversity of F. orientalis populations in Iran is negatively correlated with altitude (p = 0.046). In contrast, A. velutinum populations show a significant correlation between nucleotide diversity and longitude (p = 0.008). Furthermore, the F. orientalis populations from Türkiye showed a distinct west–east genetic structure and were highly diverged from the Iranian F. orientalis populations.

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Bidirectional gene flow between Fagus sylvatica L. and F. orientalis Lipsky despite strong genetic divergence

Cited by 6 publications

References 66 publications

Comparative Phylogeography of Tree Species in the Hyrcanian Forests, Iran by Genome-wide SNPs

Comparative Phylogeography of Tree Species in the Hyrcanian Forests, Iran by Genome-wide SNPs

Are there hybrid zones in Fagus sylvatica L. sensu lato?

Genomic diversity of major tree species in the Eurasian relict forests of northern Iran

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