Bichromatic visual stimulus with subharmonic response to achieve a high-accuracy SSVEP BCI system with low eye irritation

Vahid, Farnoosh; Behboodi, Mohammadreza; Mahnam, Amin

doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104629

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…Yan et al showed that this contrast does not need to be luminance-based in low frequencies, since a red-green checkerboard with equal luminance evoked better SSVEP responses than a black-white one [41]. It is also supported that a two-colored (e.g., green-blue or hue-shifted) flicker may elicit a higher SSVEP and has less eye irritation/fatigue than a uni-colored (e.g., white-off) stimulus [33,42,74]. Regarding background, Shu et al reported a significant stronger SSVEP response for a black background compared to a video or image, whereas Kapeller et al achieved a similar accuracy level for black and video background [40,48].…”

Section: Colormentioning

confidence: 84%

Optimal Stimulus Properties for Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential Brain–Computer Interfaces: A Scoping Review

Reitelbach,

Oyibo

2024

MTI

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Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) based on steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have been well researched due to their easy system configuration, little or no user training and high information transfer rates. To elicit an SSVEP, a repetitive visual stimulus (RVS) is presented to the user. The properties of this RVS (e.g., frequency, luminance) have a significant influence on the BCI performance and user comfort. Several studies in this area in the last one-and-half decades have focused on evaluating different stimulus parameters (i.e., properties). However, there is little research on the synthesis of the existing studies, as the last review on the subject was published in 2010. Consequently, we conducted a scoping review of related studies on the influence of stimulus parameters on SSVEP response and user comfort, analyzed them and summarized the findings considering the physiological and neurological processes associated with BCI performance. In the review, we found that stimulus type, frequency, color contrast, luminance contrast and size/shape of the retinal image are the most important stimulus properties that influence SSVEP response. Regarding stimulus type, frequency and luminance, there is a trade-off between the best SSVEP response quality and visual comfort. Finally, since there is no unified measuring method for visual comfort and a lack of differentiation in the high-frequency band, we proposed a measuring method and a division of the band. In summary, the review highlights which stimulus properties are important to consider when designing SSVEP BCIs. It can be used as a reference point for future research in BCI, as it will help researchers to optimize the design of their SSVEP stimuli.

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