BICEP2/SPUD: searching for inflation with degree scale polarimetry from the South Pole

Nguyen, Hien; Kovac, J. M.; Aikin, R. W.; Benton, S. J.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Dowell, Darren; Duband, L.; Golwala, S. R.; Halpern, M.; Hasslefield, Matthew; Irwin, K. D.; Jones, W. C.; Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, Brian; Kuo, Chao-Lin; Lange, A. E.; Matsumura, Tomotake; Netterfield, Barth; Pryke, C.; Ruhl, J. E.; Sheehy, C. D.; Sudiwala, R.

doi:10.1117/12.787997

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…If the dust signal is polarized at 5%, the resulting contamination of the B-mode signal at 150 GHz will be below r = 0.02. The faint synchrotron signal within the Southern Hole has not been well measured, but a scaling of WMAP data at 23 GHz implies that the B-mode contamination at 150 GHz is at a level similar to or below that from dust (Nguyen et al 2008).…”

Section: Observing Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicep2. Ii. Experiment and Three-Year Data Set

Ade

Aikin

Amiri

et al. 2014

ApJ

181

109

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We report on the design and performance of the Bicep2 instrument and on its three-year data set. Bicep2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1 •-5 • (= 40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The Bicep2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26 cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. Bicep2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed Bicep2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, Bicep2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of 15.8 μK √ s. The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5. 2 μK) over an effective area of 384 deg 2 within a 1000 deg 2 field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales.

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Section: Observing Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicep2. Ii. Experiment and Three-Year Data Set

Ade

Aikin

Amiri

et al. 2014

ApJ

181

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several observing patterns can be chosen, for example, a Lissajous Pattern for small maps, or a chessboard pattern for large surveys. 23 For survey mapping, the observatory sweeps the telescope pointing in raster patterns to map significant areas of the sky, up to hundreds or more square degrees. This operational principle has the significant benefit that the telescope does not need to settle at a certain position on the sky.…”

Section: Operational Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far-infrared imager and polarimeter for the Origins Space Telescope

Staguhn

Amatucci

Bradley

et al. 2021

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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The far-infrared imager and polarimeter (FIP) for the Origins Space Telescope (Origins) is a basic far-infrared imager and polarimeter. The camera will deliver continuum images and polarization measurements at 50 and 250 μm. Currently available detector technologies provide sufficient sensitivity for background limited observations from space, at least on a single pixel basis. FIP incorporates large next-generation superconducting detector arrays and our technology development plan will push the pixel numbers for the arrays to the required size of 8000. Two superconducting detector technologies are currently candidates for the instrument: transition edge sensors or microwave kinetic inductance devices. Using these detectors and taking advantage of the cryogenic telescope that is provided by Origins, FIP will achieve mapping speeds of up to eight orders of magnitude faster than what has been achieved by existing observatories. The science drivers for FIP include observations of solar system objects, dust properties, and magnetic field studies of the nearby interstellar medium, and large scale galaxy surveys to better constrain the star formation history of the universe to address one of the main themes of Origins: "How does the Universe work?" In addition to the science, the FIP instrument plays a critical functional role in aligning the mirrors during on orbit observatory commissioning. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…4 A number of CMB experiments are being developed to search for the B-mode signal, as its detection would provide extremely strong evidence for inflation. [5][6][7] These experiments are designed to push the current B-mode sensitivity down by an order of magnitude. 8 Spider is a balloon-borne large-scale CMB polarimeter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal architecture for the SPIDER flight cryostat

et al. 2010

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We describe the cryogenic system for spider, a balloon-borne microwave polarimeter that will map 8% of the sky with degree-scale angular resolution. The system consists of a 1284 L liquid helium cryostat and a 16 L capillary-filled superfluid helium tank, which provide base operating temperatures of 4 K and 1.5 K, respectively. Closed-cycle 3 He adsorption refrigerators supply sub-Kelvin cooling power to multiple focal planes, which are housed in monochromatic telescope inserts. The main helium tank is suspended inside the vacuum vessel with thermally insulating fiberglass flexures, and shielded from thermal radiation by a combination of two vapor cooled shields and multi-layer insulation. This system allows for an extremely low instrumental background and a hold time in excess of 25 days. The total mass of the cryogenic system, including cryogens, is approximately 1000 kg. This enables conventional long duration balloon flights. We will discuss the design, thermal analysis, and qualification of the cryogenic system.

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BICEP2/SPUD: searching for inflation with degree scale polarimetry from the South Pole

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Bicep2. Ii. Experiment and Three-Year Data Set

Bicep2. Ii. Experiment and Three-Year Data Set

Far-infrared imager and polarimeter for the Origins Space Telescope

Thermal architecture for the SPIDER flight cryostat

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