Bicarbonate and chloride anion transport in anion exchange membranes

Amel, Alina; Gavish, Nir; Zhu, Liang; Dekel, Dario R.; Hickner, Michael A.; Ein‐Eli, Yair

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.027

Cited by 60 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For instance, Amel et al. found that the diffusion coefficient of HCO 3 − in an AEM is 90 % lower than that of the diffusion coefficient in an aqueous solution …”

Section: Effect Of Hco3−/co32− On Ex Situ Measured Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, the fraction of free total charge was calculated; in an OH − ‐form AEM, about 32 % of total charge was free, whereas that number reduced to only 25 % in the mixed CO 3 2− /HCO 3 − AEM . A similar conclusion was reached by Amel et al., whose computational analysis of experimental results estimated that, in their AEM in HCO 3 − form, 30–40 % of the anions were free.…”

Section: Effect Of Hco3−/co32− On Ex Situ Measured Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the effect of the anion species, there are several structural and environmental factors that can influence the conductivity of the membrane, namely, ion‐exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake, and temperature. As the IEC increases, the density of fixed cationic groups increases, and therefore, anion concentration in the membrane increases, which leads to higher conductivity . Furthermore, HCO 3 − conduction relies strongly on the presence of loosely bound water, and hence, higher water uptake (which, in turn, also depends on IEC) leads to higher conductivity .…”

Section: Effect Of Hco3−/co32− On Ex Situ Measured Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there may be some deviation from theory due to structuralf actorsi nt he membrane, for example, the motion of ions in the polymer mayb es lowed down by their chemical interactions with the polymer framework, their association with the cationic fixed groups, and morphological arrangement of the water regions.F or instance,A mel et al found that the diffusion coefficient of HCO 3 À in an AEM is 90 % lower than that of the diffusion coefficient in an aqueous solution. [30] In addition, anion transport through the membrane is performed by several mechanisms, including diffusion/migration, convection,a nd the Grotthuss (protonh opping) mechanism, and their movement is strongly dependento nt he level of hydration of the membrane. [31] The Grotthuss mechanism is available only for OH À (out of the 3anions), and involves the breaking and forming of OÀHb onds in the water molecules, rather than physical movement of the anions.…”

Section: Ref Aem [A]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Ambient Carbon Dioxide on Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2018

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Over the past 10 years, there has been a surge of interest in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) as a potentially lower cost alternative to proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Recent work has shown that AEMFCs achieve nearly identical performance to that of state-of-the-art PEMFCs; however, much of that data has been collected while feeding CO -free air or pure oxygen to the cathode. Usually, removing CO from the oxidant is done to avoid the detrimental effect of CO on AEMFC performance, through carbonation, whereby CO reacts with the OH anions to form HCO and CO . In spite of the crucial importance of this topic for the future development and commercialization of AEMFCs, unfortunately there have been very few investigations devoted to this phenomenon and its effects. Much of the data available is widely spread out and there currently does not exist a resource that researchers in the field, or those looking to enter the field, can use as a reference text that explains the complex influence of CO and HCO /CO on all aspects of AEMFC performance. The purpose of this Review is to summarize the experimental and theoretical work reported to date on the effect of ambient CO on AEMFCs. This systematic Review aims to create a single comprehensive account of what is known regarding how CO behaves in AEMFCs, to date, as well as identify the most important areas for future work in this field.

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“…For instance, Amel et al. found that the diffusion coefficient of HCO 3 − in an AEM is 90 % lower than that of the diffusion coefficient in an aqueous solution …”

Section: Effect Of Hco3−/co32− On Ex Situ Measured Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Hco3−/co32− On Ex Situ Measured Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Hco3−/co32− On Ex Situ Measured Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ref Aem [A]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Ambient Carbon Dioxide on Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2018

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“…Unfortunately, in PEMFCs, the acidic environment requires the use of platinum catalysts, which limits the widespread application of PEMFC . Thus, AEMFCs have garnered considerable attention over the past few years for their excellent performance, such as fast oxygen reduction reaction in the cathode, low operation costs, and the possibility of using nonprecious metals as catalysts . As a core component of AEMFCs, the performance of AEM has a crucial influence on the stable operation of AEMFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosslinked anion exchange membrane with improved membrane stability and conductivity for alkaline fuel cells

Wang

Liu

Wang

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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As a core component of anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells, it has practical significance to improve the performance of AEMs. However, it is difficult to obtain AEM with both good stability and high conductivity. In this study, a series of AEMs were prepared by chloromethylation, quaternization, and crosslinking reactions. The quaternization reaction was carried out first to ensure that there are abundant quaternary ammonium groups on AEM and enhance the conductivity of membrane. N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine was used as a crosslinker to improve membrane stability and mechanical property. A simple, mild, and cost‐effective AEM synthetic route was developed. This strategy achieves a certain balance of electrochemical and physical properties. The effect of the crosslinking reactions on the property of membrane was evaluated. Crosslinked membranes have better dimensional stability (water uptake: 20.2% and swelling ratio: 2.1%), mechanical properties (55.84 MPa), and alkaline stability because crosslinked structures result in large steric hindrance. The mutually independent quaternization and crosslinking reaction do not affect the electrochemical performance of membranes; in the crosslinking reaction stage, crosslinker also reacted as quaternization agent and increased the number of reactive groups in AEM. Thus, the resulting crosslinked AEM exhibits higher ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivities (46.4 mS cm−1). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48169.

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Electrospun Ionomeric Fibers with Anion Conducting Properties

Mann‐Lahav

Halabi

Shter

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Anion conductive nanofiber mats from FAA-3 ionomers are obtained by electrospinning. Depending on the solvent used in the precursor solution, nanofibers with either nonhollow cylindrical or flat ribbon-like cross-sections are prepared. The anion conductivity and water uptake of the ionomeric nanofiber mats are measured as a function of the relative humidity in the 10-90% range and compared to that of a solid membrane cast from the same ionomer. In addition, the anion conductivity of an isolated single fiber of the ionomer is measured for the first time. The anion conductivity of the electrospun single fiber is found to be higher than that of the mats, which is, in turn, one order of magnitude higher than that of the solid ionomer membrane. The higher conductivity of the mats relative to the solid membrane (in both inplane and through-plane directions) is found to be related to the variation in water uptake, which stems from the morphological distinctions. These results increase the understanding of the electrospinning process of ionomers, toward the development and design of new anion conductive ionomer fibers, useful for high performance electrochemical devices.

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Bicarbonate and chloride anion transport in anion exchange membranes

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

The Effect of Ambient Carbon Dioxide on Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The Effect of Ambient Carbon Dioxide on Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Crosslinked anion exchange membrane with improved membrane stability and conductivity for alkaline fuel cells

Electrospun Ionomeric Fibers with Anion Conducting Properties

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