Biased Recollections in Older Adults: The Role of Implicit Theories of Aging

McFarland, Cathy; Ross, Michael G.; Giltrow, Mark

doi:10.4324/9780203496398-33

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Perceived memory problems can be seen as a negatively framed, failure-oriented aspect of the broader construct of memory self-concept or memory self-efficacy (e.g., Bandura, 1997;Cavanaugh, 2000;Hertzog, Hultsch, & Dixon, 1989;Berry & West, 1993). More generally, one can view subjective memory as part of a larger, interrelated complex of constructs involving representations of aging and memory for oneself and others, which includes stereotypes and beliefs about memory growth and decline across the lifespan (e.g., Lineweaver & Hertzog, 1998;Ryan & Kwong See, 1993), retrospective perceptions of personal memory change (McFarland, Ross, & Giltrow, 1992), and expectations of future memory problems (Lineweaver & Hertzog, 1998). For instance, individuals with a family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) often manifest anxiety and concern about possible future memory loss and are prone to interpret everyday memory failures as signifying onset of the disease (e.g., Cutler & Hodgson, 1996;La Rue, Small, McPherson, & Komo, 1996).…”

Section: The Construct Of Memory Complaintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Complaints in Adulthood and Old Age

Perfect¹,

Lindsay²,

Hertzog³

et al. 2014

The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory

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Section: The Construct Of Memory Complaintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Complaints in Adulthood and Old Age

Perfect¹,

Lindsay²,

Hertzog³

et al. 2014

The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory

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“…adults in their 60s) assess their LS as relatively consistent over time and older adults (e.g. 75 years and older) perceive their LS to be declining (Andrews & Withey, 1976;Bortner & Hultsch, 1972;Campbell, Converse & Rodgers, 1976;Cantril, 1965;Easterlin, 2001;Lachman et al, 2008;Shmotkin, 1991;Staudinger et al, 2003;Westerhof & Barren, 2005) Lifespan development theory has brought coherence to this issue by identifying key goals, tasks and processes that differ by lifestage in salience and motivational significance (Baltes, 1987;Carstensen, Fung, & Charles, 2003;Charles et al, 2003;Fleeson & Baltes, 1998;Freund, 2006;McFarland, Ross, & Giltrow, 1992;Ryff, 1991;Shmotkin, 1991). Among young adults, achievement, growth and improvement are thought to be particularly motivating developmental themes.…”

Section: A Lifespan Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Dispositional Optimists and Pessimists Evaluate their Past, Present and Anticipated Future Life Satisfaction: A Lifespan Approach

Busseri

2013

Eur J Pers

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Dispositional optimism is typically conceptualized with respect to generalized positive expectancies for personal future outcomes. The present work draws on lifespan development theory to evaluate how dispositional optimists and pessimists from across the lifespan evaluate their past, present and anticipated future life satisfaction (LS). Using data from an American probability sample (n = 3871, ages = 30–84 years, 55% female), I compared dispositional optimists and pessimists across six age decades. Subjective LS trajectories reflected in mean trends in ratings of past, present and future LS were contoured by lifestage, revealing inclining trajectories among young dispositional optimists and pessimists and declining trajectories among older optimists and pessimists. After adjusting for age‐specific normative trends, however, differences between dispositional optimists and pessimists in subjective LS trajectories were consistent across lifestage, revealing a single dissociative pattern wherein optimists rated their past, present and anticipated future LS more positively than did pessimists. Of the three temporal perspectives, evaluations of present (rather than past or future) LS were most consistently related to dispositional optimism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Session two results show little effect of the delay for perceived and natural imagery events, while guided imagery events were rated significantly lower after one week. These patterns of results seem quite complex to reflect participants' implicit theories of memory characteristics, given the simplifying nature of most such theories (McFarland et al, 1992;Ross, 1989). However, without directly assessing participants' implicit theories, there is no clear way to determine the effect of these theories on phenomenological ratings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenal characteristics of co‐created guided imagery and autobiographical memories

Kealy

Arbuthnott

2003

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Concern has recently been raised about the potential for guided images to be mistaken for memories of actual events. According to the reality-monitoring framework, such misattributions can occur due to the similarity of sensory and reflective memory characteristics acquired at encoding, or due to source judgement processes at retrieval. A study was conducted to examine the similarity of guided images and perceived memories at imagery encoding, and after a short delay. Participants rated the characteristics of an actual event, a natural imagery event (e.g. a fantasy), and a guided imagery experience, immediately and after a one-week interval. For each condition, participants discussed their memory or guided imagery experience with the researcher as they reviewed or created it. Ratings indicated that guided imagery was similar to perceived memory with respect to sensory characteristics. However, the factors associated with supporting memories (contextual and temporal detail, setting familiarity, and recollection of surrounding events) were less vivid for guided imagery than for perceived events. In all cases, these patterns were stable over time.

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Biased Recollections in Older Adults: The Role of Implicit Theories of Aging

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Memory Complaints in Adulthood and Old Age

Memory Complaints in Adulthood and Old Age

How Dispositional Optimists and Pessimists Evaluate their Past, Present and Anticipated Future Life Satisfaction: A Lifespan Approach

Phenomenal characteristics of co‐created guided imagery and autobiographical memories

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