Biased processing of sad faces: An ERP marker candidate for depression susceptibility

Bistricky, Steven L.; Atchley, Ruth Ann; Ingram, Rick E.; O’Hare, Aminda J.

doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.837815

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Results show that emotion incongruent expressions were perceived to persist shorter than the emotion congruent expressions 34 . This “mood congruent effects” were also found in clinical populations such as depression, as this population demonstrated an increased likelihood of perceiving negative emotions in others and a decreased likelihood of perceiving positive emotions in others 35,36 . Other’s pain is a very salient negative stimulus which can trigger empathic pain and unpleasant feelings in the observers 4–6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Music induced happy mood suppresses the neural responses to other’s pain: Evidences from an ERP study

Cheng

Chen

Luo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In the current study, we explored the time course of processing other’s pain under induced happy or sad moods. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded when participants observing pictures showing others in painful or non-painful situations. Mood induction procedures were applied to the participants before the picture observation task. Happy and sad moods were induced by listening to about 10 minutes of music excerpts selected from the Chinese Affective Music System (CAMS). The ERP results revealed that the induced mood can influence the early automatic components N1, P2, and N2 but not the later top-down controlled components P3 and LPP. The difference of amplitudes elicited by painful and non-painful stimuli was significantly different only in a sad mood but not in a happy mood, which indicates that comparing to a sad mood, the participants’ ability to discriminate the painful stimuli from the non-painful stimuli was weakened in a happy mood. However, this reduction of sensitivity to other’s pain in a happy mood does not necessarily reduce the tendency of prosocial behaviors. These findings offer psychophysiological evidences that people’s moods can influence their empathic response towards other’s pain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Music induced happy mood suppresses the neural responses to other’s pain: Evidences from an ERP study

Cheng

Chen

Luo

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Studies involving recovered depressed patients showed that biases towards negative facial emotions [28], away from positive emotions [29], or both [30] persisted after remission. Furthermore, a study in young adults revealed that past depression (trait) was associated with greater salience of sad target faces; whereas current dysphoria (state) was related to a failure to inhibit responses to sad distractor faces [31]. Hence, empirical evidence regarding trait-dependent relationships between facial emotion identification and depression remains inconclusive and further research is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow identification of facial happiness in early adolescence predicts onset of depression during 8 years of follow-up

Vrijen

Hartman

Oldehinkel

2016

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Adolescent onset depression places a high burden on those who suffer from it, and is difficult to treat. An improved understanding of mechanisms underlying susceptibility to adolescent depression may be useful in early detection and as target in treatment. Facial emotion identification bias has been suggested as trait marker for depression, but results have been inconclusive. To explore whether facial emotion identification biases may be trait markers for depression, we tested whether the speed with which young adolescents identified happy, sad, angry and fearful facial emotions predicted the onset of depression during an eight-year follow-up period. We hypothesized that facial emotion identification speed predicts depression in a symptom-congruent way and differentially predicts symptoms of anhedonia and sadness. Data were collected as part of the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), and involved 1840 adolescents who participated in a facial emotion identification test at age 11 and were subjected to the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at age 19. In a multi-emotion model, slow identification of happy facial emotions tentatively predicted onset of depressive disorder within the follow-up period. Slow identification of happy emotions and fast identification of sad emotions predicted symptoms of anhedonia, but not symptoms of sadness. Our results suggest that the relative speed of identification of happiness in relation to the identification of sadness is a better predictor of depression than the identification of either facial emotion alone. A possible mechanism underlying the predictive role of facial emotion identification may be a less reactive reward system.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0846-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Similarly, Levens and Gotlib (2010) found that depressed individuals have difficulty both disengaging from negative information and maintaining positive information in working memory (WM). Theorists have postulated that the preferential processing of negative information impairs the ability of depressed individuals to effectively regulate their affect (Gotlib & Joormann, 2010; Bistricky, Atchley, Ingram, & O’Hare, 2014; MacCoon & Newman, 2006). Less is known, however, about the persistence of emotion processing biases beyond the depressive episode.…”

Section: 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updating emotional content in recovered depressed individuals: Evaluating deficits in emotion processing following a depressive episode

Levens

Gotlib

2015

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Background and Objectives Previous research has demonstrated that depressed individuals have difficulty both disengaging from negative information and maintaining positive information in working memory (WM). The present study was conducted to examine whether the tendency for depressed individuals to maintain negative content in WM and to experience difficulties maintaining positive content in WM is due to negative mood (in)congruency effects during a depressive episode, or whether these tendencies are evident outside of a depressive episode. Methods Individuals who had recovered from a depressive episode and never disordered controls performed emotion 0-back and 2-back tasks designed to assess biases in updating emotional content in working memory. Results Similar to currently depressed individuals in previous studies, recovered depressed participants disengaged from happy stimuli more quickly and from sad stimuli more slowly than did their never-depressed counterparts. Limitations Despite the extension of a depression-specific finding to recovered depressed individuals, the present study does not test whether the identified emotion updating biases predict long-term relapse or recovery. Conclusion The obtained results suggest that a decreased ability to disengage from negative content and to maintain positive content in WM represents a trait-like cognitive style that impairs adaptive emotion regulation and may contribute to the recurrent nature of depression.

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Biased processing of sad faces: An ERP marker candidate for depression susceptibility

Cited by 37 publications

References 84 publications

Music induced happy mood suppresses the neural responses to other’s pain: Evidences from an ERP study

Music induced happy mood suppresses the neural responses to other’s pain: Evidences from an ERP study

Slow identification of facial happiness in early adolescence predicts onset of depression during 8 years of follow-up

Updating emotional content in recovered depressed individuals: Evaluating deficits in emotion processing following a depressive episode

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