Biased attention towards negative schematic expression in abstinent heroin abusers

Zhou, Yingshan; Zhu, Hongyi; Jin, Xinyi; Li, Xinyu; Zhang, Meng; Zhang, Feng; Shen, Mowei

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.10.004

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For example, Zhao et al (2009) showed that acute stress at the time of recall enhanced retrieval of positively valenced words but no effect on negative and neutral word retrieval in abstinent subjects, suggesting the dysregulation of subjects' emotional memory processing under stress and thus providing insight into designing better treatment for patients with OUD. In addition, both Gerra et al (2014) and Zhou et al (2012) showed that abstinent OUD subjects presented highly sensitivity toward negative emotion. Gerra et al (2014) further showed that the high basal anxiety level in OUD subjects and the severity of drug dependence were highly associated with their adverse childhood experiences.…”

Section: Neuropsychology: Cognitive and Behavioral Measuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Opiate abstinent abusers have been compared to an extensive neuropsychological battery to normal controls (Zhao et al, 2009; Xie et al, 2011; Gerra et al, 2014; Morie et al, 2014; Yan et al, 2014; Zhai et al, 2015; Hou et al, 2016), to patients undergoing treatment program, such as MMT (Darke et al, 2000; Mintzer and Stitzer, 2002; Mintzer et al, 2005; Passetti et al, 2008), and subjects with known mental disorder, such as anxiety and depression (Zhou et al, 2012). These studies yielded some consistent results.…”

Section: Neuropsychology: Cognitive and Behavioral Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resting-State Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Findings in Opioid Use Disorder during Abstinence: A Review

Ieong

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Dependence to opiates, including illicit heroin and prescription pain killers, and treatment of the opioid use disorder (OUD) have been longstanding problems over the world. Despite intense efforts to scientific investigation and public health care, treatment outcomes have not significantly improved for the past 50 years. One reason behind the continuing use of heroin worldwide despite such efforts is its highly addictive nature. Brain imaging studies over the past two decades have made significant contribution to the understanding of the addictive properties as to be due in part to biological processes, specifically those in the brain structure and function. Moreover, traditional clinical neuropsychology studies also contribute to the account in part for the treatment-refractory nature of the drug abuse. However, there is a gap between those studies, and the rates of relapse are still high. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to understand the fundamental neural mechanism of OUD. How does the brain of an OUD patient functionally and cognitively differ from others? This brief review is to compare and contrast the current literature on non-invasive resting state neuroimaging and clinical neuropsychological studies with the focus on the abstinence stage in OUD. The results show as follow: Brain connectivity strength in the reward system, dysregulation of circuits associated with emotion and stress, enhanced beta and alpha power activity, and high impulsivity are induced by OUD.Some recovery signs in cognition are demonstrated in OUD subjects after prolonged abstinence, but not in the subjects undergoing methadone treatment.Normalization in the composition of brain oscillations especially in the temporal region is induced and restored by methadone treatment in roughly 6 months in mean duration for OUDs having a mean opioid-use history of 10 years.We hope that the review provides valuable implications for clinical research and practice and paves a new insight into the future path to the identification of potential biomarkers and clinical outcome predictors in OUD in the domains of brain regions, functions, and behaviors.

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Section: Neuropsychology: Cognitive and Behavioral Measuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Neuropsychology: Cognitive and Behavioral Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting-State Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Findings in Opioid Use Disorder during Abstinence: A Review

Ieong

2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…This suggests a possible negative bias where relating to positive emotions is more difficult for opioid users not currently experiencing the acute effects of opioids. Prior research has suggested that abstinent opioid addicts are biased when attending to negative emotions, where they show enhanced detection of negative expressions during a visual search paradigm (Zhou et al 2012). This bias is potentially due to greater exposure to negative expressions and reactions from society in everyday life, as well as impaired emotion processing that could predate addiction (Zhou et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior research has suggested that abstinent opioid addicts are biased when attending to negative emotions, where they show enhanced detection of negative expressions during a visual search paradigm (Zhou et al 2012). This bias is potentially due to greater exposure to negative expressions and reactions from society in everyday life, as well as impaired emotion processing that could predate addiction (Zhou et al 2012). Additional to this, distress intolerance-the inability to endure difficult emotional states-is associated with greater attentional bias towards negative emotions and decreased attention toward positive emotions (Macatee et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired empathy and increased anger following social exclusion in non-intoxicated opioid users

et al. 2019

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Rationale Social functioning is modulated by the endogenous opioid system. In opioid use disorder, social functioning appears disrupted, but little research has delineated the nature of these deficits and their relationship to acute opioid use. Objectives The current study aimed to assess both emotional and cognitive empathy, along with subjective and physiological responses to social exclusion in opioid users who were either acutely intoxicated or non-intoxicated from using opioids. Methods Individuals on an opioid substitution medication (OSM) were divided into 'intoxicated users' (had taken their OSM the same day as testing, n = 20) and 'non-intoxicated users' (had taken their OSM > 12 h ago, n = 20) and compared with opioidnaïve controls (n = 24). Empathy was assessed using the multifaceted empathy test and self-report questionnaire. Participants also underwent a period of social exclusion (Cyberball Game) and completed measures of mood and physiological responses (salivary cortisol and heart rate). Results Non-intoxicated users had significantly lower emotional empathy (the ability to experience others' emotions), as well as greater anger after social exclusion when compared with the intoxicated users and controls. Anger did not change with social exclusion in the intoxicated user group and cortisol levels were lower overall. Conclusions Reduced ability to spontaneously share the emotions of others was reported in non-intoxicated users, particularly regarding positive emotions. There was some support for the idea of hyperalgesia to social pain, but this was restricted to an enhanced anger response in non-intoxicated users. Equivalent rates of empathy between the intoxicated users and controls could indicate some remediating effects of acute opioids.

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“…In an illustration of the negative affect associated with OUD, one study showed that a single heroin administration in heroin-dependent patients alleviated their negative emotions and increased feelings of well-being, independently from the perceived intoxication and sedation (20). In addition, individuals addicted to heroin who abstain show a bias toward negative expressions (21) and dysregulated emotions that correlate with childhood neglect and addiction severity (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Negative Affect of Protracted Opioid Abstinence: Progress and Perspectives From Rodent Models

Welsch¹,

Bailly²,

Darcq

et al. 2020

Biological Psychiatry

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Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by the development of a negative emotional state that develops after a history of long-term exposure to opioids. OUD represents a true challenge for treatment and relapse prevention. Human research has amply documented emotional disruption in individuals with an opioid substance use disorder, at both behavioral and brain activity levels; however, brain mechanisms underlying this particular facet of OUD are only partially understood. Animal research has been instrumental in elucidating genes and circuits that adapt to long-term opioid use or are modified by acute withdrawal, but research on long-term consequences of opioid exposure and their relevance to the negative affect of OUD remains scarce. In this article, we review the literature with a focus on two questions: 1) Do we have behavioral models in rodents, and what do they tell us? and 2) What do we know about the neuronal populations involved? Behavioral rodent models have successfully recapitulated behavioral signs of the OUD-related negative affect, and several neurotransmitter systems were identified (i.e., serotonin, dynorphin, corticotropin-releasing factor, oxytocin). Circuit mechanisms driving the negative mood of prolonged abstinence likely involve the 5 main reward-aversion brain centers (i.e., nucleus accumbens, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, habenula, and raphe nucleus), all of which express mu opioid receptors and directly respond to opioids. Future work will identify the nature of these mu opioid receptor-expressing neurons throughout reward-aversion networks, characterize their adapted phenotype in opioid abstinent animals, and hopefully position these primary events in the broader picture of mu opioid receptor-associated brain aversion networks.

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Biased attention towards negative schematic expression in abstinent heroin abusers

Cited by 18 publications

References 23 publications

Resting-State Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Findings in Opioid Use Disorder during Abstinence: A Review

Resting-State Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Findings in Opioid Use Disorder during Abstinence: A Review

Impaired empathy and increased anger following social exclusion in non-intoxicated opioid users

The Negative Affect of Protracted Opioid Abstinence: Progress and Perspectives From Rodent Models

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