Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users

Deldar, Zoha; Ekhtiari, Hamed; Pouretemad, Hamid Reza; Khatibi, Ali

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00776

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 97 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…In relation to the improvement of executive component of updating, the results of the present work are consistent with previous studies in which improvements in working memory are reported after the completion of a specialized rehabilitation program ( 2 , 7 , 11 , 50 , 51 ). Different studies show that the specific work of working memory is a facilitator of cognitive functions such as learning, verbal comprehension, thinking, reasoning or decision-making and a generator of an efficient buffering effect against attentional bias toward salient stimuli related to substance use ( 52 , 53 ). Similar results to those obtained in the present study have been found in other populations with psychiatric pathologies ( 54 , 55 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the Therapeutic Game “Trisquel” in the Treatment of Patients With Substance-Related Disorders Randomized Clinical Study

et al. 2022

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Substance-related disorders (SRD) have been consistently associated with alterations both in cognitive and executive functions, which affect to patients’ quality of life. The main objective of this work was to test the beneficial cognitive effects on patients with SRD after the implementation of “Trisquel,” an intervention program in board game format. To check the effectiveness of Trisquel program, a group of people diagnosed with SRD was randomly assigned either to the experimental group or to the control group. The experimental group performed Trisquel structured sessions twice a week during 3 months, while the control group performed routinely conventional therapeutic activities with the same frequency and duration. Neuropsychological tests were done to both groups before and after the intervention. After the 3 months of intervention the experimental group showed the following statistically significant improvements for WAIS-III subtests: number key, symbol search, arithmetic, direct digits, inverse digits, total digits, letters-numbers in the processing speed index and in the working memory index. Regarding STROOP tests, statistically significant progress was observed in the phonetic fluency letter P, phonetic fluency letter M, phonetic fluency letter R subtests, word-reading and word-color subtests. The control group only obtained improvements for WAIS-III subtests of arithmetic, letters-numbers and in the working memory index. The results of this study confirm that “Trisquel” is an effective intervention program for people diagnosed with SRD, getting improvements in processing speed (psychomotor and reading), attentional subprocesses (focused and sustained) and executive functions (updating and inhibition).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the Therapeutic Game “Trisquel” in the Treatment of Patients With Substance-Related Disorders Randomized Clinical Study

et al. 2022

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“…12,13 For individuals with SUD, some studies suggested that addiction-related cues-induced attention/eye movement capture is fully automated and independent of cognitive factors such as the top-down goal, similar to stimulus-driven attention capture. 1 As drug 14 and negative emotional cues 10 can catch attention more quickly and automatically, attentional bias in individuals with MUD may be caused by bottom-up processing, specifically, attention orientation. However, some researchers assumed that under certain addiction-related conditions, the attention capture of the reward connection is not completely automatic and is regulated by top-down attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation of drug and negative emotional cue induced attentional bias in individuals with methamphetamine‐use disorder

He,

Wang,

Zhu

et al. 2023

American J Addict

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Background and ObjectivesAlthough both drugs and negative emotions can trigger drug craving or relapse in individuals with methamphetamine‐use disorder (MUD), it remains unclear whether individuals with MUD have attentional biases toward both drug and negative emotional cues and whether this bias involves attention orientation or difficulty in attention disengagement. This study aimed to measure different components of attentional bias toward drug‐related and negative emotional cues in individuals with MUD.MethodsTwo dot‐probe tasks were used to investigate attentional bias toward drug (drug task) and negative emotional cues (emotion task) in individuals with MUD. Forty‐three males with MUD (average age of 43.44 ± 11.91 years, average drug‐use duration of 11.35 ± 8.39 years) participated in the study voluntarily.ResultsThere was a significant interaction between the task type and location (p = .01). Specifically, for drug cues, participants showed significant difficulty in attention disengagement toward drug cues (p = .01); however, no attention orientation (p = .46). For negative emotional cues, neither significant attention orientation (p = .07) nor significant difficulty in attention disengagement (p = .50) was found.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceAttentional bias in individuals with MUD was highly selective for drug cues; thus, difficulty in attention disengagement from drug cues can be considered a potential mediating mechanism for attentional bias modification interventions for individuals with MUD. This study served to generate hypotheses or suggest future experiments on interventions for individuals with MUD.

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Investigation of melt flow index and tensile properties of dual metal reinforced polymer composites for 3D printing using machine learning approach: Biomedical and engineering applications

Manola,

Singh,

Singla

et al. 2024

AIP Advances

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This study investigates the enhancement of mechanical properties of metal/polymer composites produced through fused deposition modeling and the prediction of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) by machine learning using a Classification and Regression Tree (CART). The composites, comprising 80% acrylonitrile butadiene styrene matrix and 10% each of aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) fillers, were subjected to a comprehensive exploration of printing parameters, including printing temperature, infill pattern, and infill density using the Taguchi method. The CART unveiled a hierarchical tree structure with four terminal nodes, each representing distinct subgroups of materials characterized by similar UTS properties. The predictors’ importance was assessed, highlighting their role in determining material strength. The model exhibited a high predictive power with an R-squared value of 0.9154 on the training data and 0.8922 on the test data, demonstrating its efficacy in capturing variability. The optimal combination of parameters for maximizing UTS was a zigzag infill pattern, a printing temperature of 245 °C, and an infill density of 10%, which is associated with the highest UTS of 680 N. The model’s reliability was confirmed through a paired t-test and test and confidence interval for two variances, revealing no significant difference between the observed and predicted UTS values. This research contributes to advancing additive manufacturing processes by leveraging CART analysis to optimize printing parameters and predict material strength. The identified optimal conditions and subgroup characteristics pave the way for developing robust and predictable metal/polymer composites, offering valuable insights for material design in the era of advanced manufacturing technologies.

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Bias Toward Drug-Related Stimuli Is Affected by Loading Working Memory in Abstinent Ex-Methamphetamine Users

Cited by 3 publications

References 97 publications

Efficacy of the Therapeutic Game “Trisquel” in the Treatment of Patients With Substance-Related Disorders Randomized Clinical Study

Efficacy of the Therapeutic Game “Trisquel” in the Treatment of Patients With Substance-Related Disorders Randomized Clinical Study

Dissociation of drug and negative emotional cue induced attentional bias in individuals with methamphetamine‐use disorder

Investigation of melt flow index and tensile properties of dual metal reinforced polymer composites for 3D printing using machine learning approach: Biomedical and engineering applications

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