Bias-induced impedance effect of the current-carrying conductors

Abstract

<p class="Abstract">The paper presents the previously unstudied properties of current-carrying conductors utilising impedance spectroscopy. The purpose of the article is to present discovered properties that are the significant context of impedance research. The methodology is based on the superposition of test signals and bias affecting the objects under study. These are the main results obtained in this work: the studied objects have an additional low-frequency impedance during the passage of an electric current; the bias-induced impedance effect (Z<sub>BI</sub>-effect) is noticeably manifested in the range of 0.01 Hz … 100 Hz and it has either capacitive or inductive nature or both types, depending on the bias level (current density) and material types. The experiments in this work were done using open and covered wires made of pure metals, alloys, and non-metal conductors, such as graphite rods. These objects showed the Z<sub>BI</sub>-effect that distinguishes them from other objects, such as standard resistors of the same rating, in which this phenomenon does not occur. The Z<sub>BI</sub>-effect was modeled by equivalent circuits. Particular attention is paid to assessing the consistency of experimental data. Understanding the nature of this effect can give impetus to the development of a new type of instrument in various fields.</p>

Bias-induced Impedance of Current-carrying Conductors: Measurements Simulation Using FRA

“…In previous work [1], the bias induced impedance effect (Z BI -effect) was described. Experimental results related to the study of current-carrying conductors under bias using impedance spectroscopy were mainly presented.…”

“…First, it is worth making a few remarks. The interpretation of the measurement results in [1] was restricted to electrical models -equivalent circuits. A possibility was expressed, but a thermophysical interpretation was not made since the author lacks the necessary knowledge, and such a task was not outlined.…”

“…We emphasize here that all of our work in [1] and here focuses on electrical parameters. The measuring method will be followed without considering the thermophysical properties of the studied objects.…”

“…The Potentiostat/Galvanostat Biologic SP-240 (BioLogic Sciences Instruments) was used as the measuring instrument [5]. In our earlier paper [1], we considered the nature of the Z BI -effect in sufficient detail, using various materials to evaluate it in a broad context. A promising result associated with the dynamic nature of the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) has been revealed.…”

“…Data were verified in some cases using the Gamry Reference 3000 potentiostat/galvanostat (Gamry Instruments). We used a 4-wire sample holder [1] inside the Faraday cage. The experiment was conducted at a temperature of about 20 °C in a room environment.…”