Bias in cross-cultural neuropsychological testing: problems and possible solutions

Fernández, Alberto Luis; Abe, Jennifer

doi:10.1007/s40167-017-0050-2

Cited by 79 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The area would benefit from the development of a broader set of up‐to‐date neuropsychological instruments for various CALD minorities within Australia. The development of new neuropsychological tests specifically designed to be appropriate for use across a variety of cultures has been proposed as a solution to the problem of adapting existing tests to various cultures, and a list of such tests has been provided (Fernández & Abe, ). We also encourage a more emic‐etic approach, whereby members of the CALD populations play an integral role in informing the process of test development/adaptation and norming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, as suggested by Ardila (), non‐psychometric approaches, such as the use of behavioural scales and qualitative approaches to assessment may be preferred, especially for cultures that lack a solid psychometric tradition. For such cultures, tests based on recall of oral traditions or the execution of culture specific practices may be more indicative of neuropsychological disturbance than the administration of less relevant psychometric tests (Fernández & Abe, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chinese Australian Neuropsychological Normative Study sample performance on Western and Chinese norms: Caveats for cross‐cultural neuropsychology

Berry

Wallace²,

Shores

2019

Australian Psychologist

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Objective The use of neuropsychological tests and norms developed for use with dominant culture English‐speaking Westerners when assessing persons from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds has been appropriately questioned. Some authors have argued, however, that demographic corrections reduce or eliminate cross‐cultural differences. The primary purpose of the current study was to determine the suitability of using existing demographically adjusted Chinese and Western norms with Chinese Australians. Method Chinese Australian Neuropsychological Normative Study (CANNS) test data (based on N = 145 community dwelling Chinese Australians aged 55–87 years) were converted to demographically adjusted standard scores on the basis of comparison normative samples to examine whether the results were comparable across the CANNS and other Western and Chinese normative datasets. Results The CANNS sample performed poorer than Westerners on the learning trials of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) but better than both Westerners and Chinese from China/Hong Kong on Trial 7. Performance on non‐verbal tests including the Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) Copy, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition (WAIS‐III) Digit Symbol Coding (DSC) and Matrix Reasoning (MR), the Five‐Point Test, and the Clock Drawing Test was poorer than that of Westerners despite controlling for age and education. Use of Western norms resulted in significant false positive rates for all non‐verbal tests except MR. Conclusion The findings of the current study caution against the use of Western tests for which CALD‐specific norms are not available, particularly non‐verbal tests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chinese Australian Neuropsychological Normative Study sample performance on Western and Chinese norms: Caveats for cross‐cultural neuropsychology

Berry

Wallace²,

Shores

2019

Australian Psychologist

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“…Given the importance of WMC in applied contexts, the fact that the LNS task is traditionally administered orally as part of the WAIS and the importance that is often attached to scores on intelligence tests, it is especially incumbent upon researchers to minimize potential bias on such tasks. The potential bias of WMC measures is particularly problematic in the face of a growing population of individuals who speak more than one language (Fernández & Abe, ; Lim et al, ; van de Vijver & Tanzer, ). The current studies suggest that visual administration may help to avoid the bias that can come from oral administration of WMC tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring working memory capacity with the letter–number sequencing task: Advantages of visual administration

Mielicki

Koppel

Valencia

et al. 2018

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Working memory capacity plays a major role in many applied contexts, and it is important to be able to accurately measure this construct. The current studies tested whether the modality of administration of the letter-number sequencing task affects performance on the task. The letter-number sequencing task is a working memory capacity measure included as part of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV test batteries. The task involves hearing a series of letters and digits, and then reporting back the stimuli with the letters in alphabetical order and digits in ascending numerical order. The task is traditionally administered orally, but recent studies have administered versions of the tasks visually by displaying stimuli on a computer screen. Results suggest that performance differences on the letter-number sequencing task may arise as a function of language background and task administration modality.

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“…Furthermore, a significant amount of research in cross-cultural neuropsychology is found from the 21 st century (e.g., Arias et al, 2019;Brickman, Cabo, & Manly, 2006;Byrd et al, 2008;Chiao et al, 2017;Duggan, 2019;Duggan et al, 2019;Fernández, & Abe, 2018;Garratt & Kelly, 2007;Golden & Thomas, 2000;Jacobs et al, 1997;Manly, 2008;Melikyan, Puente, & Agranovich, 2020;Nielsen et al, 2018;Nikolaou & Constantinidou, 2019;Pedraza, & Mungas, 2008;Puente et al, 2000;Rosselli, & Ardila, 2003). Several neuropsychology journals express their interest in publishing papers dealing with cultural issues in neuropsychology, including the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, and Applied Neuropsychology.…”

Section: The Origins Of Cross Cultural Neuropsychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology: History and Prospects

Ardila

2020

Vestn. Ross. univ. družby nar., Ser. Psihol. pedagog.

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It is proposed that cross-cultural neuropsychology analyzes the influence of cultural variables on cognition from a neurological perspective. It includes three major questions: 1. How are current neuropsychological tests affected by the cultural conditions? (2) Are there differences in the brain organization of cognition depending upon the culture? (3) How is brain pathology manifested in different cultural contexts? A history of cross-cultural neuropsychology is presented emphasizing that the interest in cultural issues is observed since the very beginning of neuropsychology. An analysis of culture is introduced, explaining how culture has been interpreted in different ways, but can be understood as the specific way of living of a human group. Further, it is discussed why culture is important in neuropsychology, followed by an analysis of some cultural variables. Special emphasis in schooling, considering that education represents a major variable affecting the performance in diverse cognitive tests. Several illustrative examples of research in cross-cultural neuropsychology are finally presented.

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Bias in cross-cultural neuropsychological testing: problems and possible solutions

Cited by 79 publications

References 106 publications

The Chinese Australian Neuropsychological Normative Study sample performance on Western and Chinese norms: Caveats for cross‐cultural neuropsychology

The Chinese Australian Neuropsychological Normative Study sample performance on Western and Chinese norms: Caveats for cross‐cultural neuropsychology

Measuring working memory capacity with the letter–number sequencing task: Advantages of visual administration

Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology: History and Prospects

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