Bias‐Dependent Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Studied Using Natural and Concentrated Sunlight

Anoop, K M; Khenkin, Mark V.; Giacomo, Francesco Di; Galagan, Yulia; Rahmany, Stav; Etgar, Lioz; Katz, Eugene A.; Visoly‐Fisher, Iris

doi:10.1002/solr.201900335

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…33 Besides, degradation rates in PSCs are also reported to be bias-dependent and different instability mechanisms are found to dominate under different bias conditions. 34 It is reported that the degradation at open-circuit (OC) conditions is light dose-dependent, while at short-circuit (SC), it is observed to be intensity-dependent only. 34,35 Furthermore, reverse bias stability is of paramount importance as the shaded cells in a module can be put to reverse bias by the illuminated cells.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells: The Role of Spectrum and Bias Conditions

Farooq

Khan

Abzieher

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Despite promising power conversion efficiencies, a key barrier for the future commercialization of perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) is their lack of stability when exposed to sunlight for extended periods. This work investigates the phenomenon of light-induced degradation in triple-cation PSCs held at a constant voltage near the maximum power point and exposed to different regions of the solar spectrum. This light-induced degradation is expected to exhibit a strong wavelength dependence with a significant performance deterioration caused by high-energy photons. The challenging wavelengths are found to span over the range 300–500 nm, while longer wavelength light is found to be the least harmful for a mixed-cation perovskite composition when tested for a period of 250 h. The analyses of perovskite layers undergoing light-induced degradation indicate that the performance deterioration is directly linked to the decomposition of the perovskite absorber into lead iodide. The decomposition occurring in the bulk of the absorber material generates trap states with activation energies of 0.26 and 0.42 eV, determined using thermally stimulated current measurements. Apart from the spectral dependence of the degradation, bias conditionssuch as open-circuit, short-circuit, or maximum power pointare found to have pronounced effects on light stability. These findings allow identifying strategies to improve the lifetime of PSCs.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodegradation of Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells: The Role of Spectrum and Bias Conditions

Farooq

Khan

Abzieher

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Thin Films Photovoltaics [37], while the concave pattern has been observed in encapsulated cells exposed to different levels of sunlight [9]. In addition, this shape has also been observed in nonencapsulated PSCs under higher relative humidity [11], and in nonencapsulated devices tested under air exposure [38].…”

Section: ) C) Degradation Rate (Dr) Of Three Representative Patterns Of Each Group According To Degradation Levels Suggested By the Probamentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In the case of emerging technologies such as PSCs, no international standards have been fully established and adopted, and most published works have focused on laboratory-scale cells to evaluate the performance, stability and degradation of this technology [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Thus, because this technology is in its infancy, insufficient data are available to fully establish or identify the degradation modes and mechanisms of PSCs, the impact on outdoor performance evolution including large devices [15,16].…”

Section: Photovoltaic Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor Performance of Perovskite Photovoltaic Technology

Velilla¹,

Quintero²,

Montoya³

et al. 2022

Thin Films Photovoltaics

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In the case of emerging photovoltaic technologies such as perovskite, most published works have focused on laboratory-scale cells, indoor conditions and no international standards have been fully established and adopted. Accordingly, this chapter shows a brief introduction on the standards and evaluation methods for perovskite solar minimodules under natural sunlight conditions. Therefore, we propose evaluating the outdoor performance in terms of power, following the international standard IEC 61853–1 to obtain the performance according to the power rating conditions. After some rigorous experimental evaluations, results shown that the maximum power (Pmax) evolution for the analyzed minimodules could be correlated with one of the three patterns commonly described for degradation processes in the literature, named convex, linear, and concave. These patterns were used to estimate the degradation rate and lifetime (T80). Moreover, ideality factor (nID) was estimated from the open-circuit voltage (Voc) dependence on irradiance and ambient temperature (outdoor data) to provide physical insight into the recombination mechanism dominating the performance during the exposure. In this context, it was observed that the three different degradation patterns identified for Pmax can also be identified by nID. Finally, based on the linear relationship between T80 and the time to first reach nID = 2 (TnID2), is demonstrated that nID analysis could offer important complementary information with important implications for this technology outdoor development, due that the changes in nID could be correlated with the recombination mechanisms and degradation processes occurring in the device.

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“…The operational load has significant implications on the degradation mechanisms and measured device lifetime 18 . PSCs' degradation is often (but not always 19 ) fastest at open circuit 18 . Also, in any real application, the solar cell will be operated at MPP.…”

Section: Outdoor Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of designing accelerated indoor tests to predict the outdoor lifetime of perovskite solar cells

Köbler

Khenkin

Roy

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Over the past decade, perovskite solar cells have travelled an amazing way towards high efficiency. However, a major roadblock remaining is the operational stability, while achieving technological maturity and proving real-world stability is crucial to gain trust among investors. In that sense, it is of high interest to be able to predict the operational lifetime, which needs to be in the range of years or decades, within an experimentally reasonable timeframe. Yet, peculiarities of perovskite solar cells’ ageing behaviour lead to severe difficulties in translating the results of indoor tests to their outdoor counterpart. In particular, transient processes cause diverse results among different ageing tests.Here, for the first time, we show a complete set of constant illumination indoor testing, cycled illumination indoor testing and real-world outdoor testing on equal in-house devices. Exemplarily, we compare two different types of perovskite solar cells, in which only the hole-transport layer is varied. Despite this small change, the devices show distinctly different transient behaviour. In either case, the commonly used constant illumination experiments fail to predict the outdoor behaviour of the cell. Yet, we observe a good correlation between the cycled illumination test and the outdoor behaviour of one of the two solar cells, while this is not the case for the other system. This result highlights the urge for further research on how to perform meaningful accelerated indoor tests to predict the outdoor lifetime of perovskite solar cells.

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Bias‐Dependent Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells Studied Using Natural and Concentrated Sunlight

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Photodegradation of Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells: The Role of Spectrum and Bias Conditions

Photodegradation of Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells: The Role of Spectrum and Bias Conditions

Outdoor Performance of Perovskite Photovoltaic Technology

The challenge of designing accelerated indoor tests to predict the outdoor lifetime of perovskite solar cells

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