The Handbook of Bilingualism 2006
DOI: 10.1002/9780470756997.ch27
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Bi‐/Multilingualism in Southern Africa

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Cited by 3 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…Individuals who become multilingual through their own free choice are often referred to as elite bilinguals (Paulston, 1978). The multilingualism of elite bilinguals is commonly perceived to be a result of schooling (Butler and Hakuta, 2004) and tends to include a high proficiency in English (Boyd, 1998) or the knowledge of another world language or colonial language (Kamwangamalu, 2004). Implicit in the concept of elite bilingualism is also the presumption that the multilingualism, besides being a resource, is entirely unproblematic for the individual, since it is a matter of free choice (Paulston, 1978;Skutnabb-Kangas, 1981).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Individuals who become multilingual through their own free choice are often referred to as elite bilinguals (Paulston, 1978). The multilingualism of elite bilinguals is commonly perceived to be a result of schooling (Butler and Hakuta, 2004) and tends to include a high proficiency in English (Boyd, 1998) or the knowledge of another world language or colonial language (Kamwangamalu, 2004). Implicit in the concept of elite bilingualism is also the presumption that the multilingualism, besides being a resource, is entirely unproblematic for the individual, since it is a matter of free choice (Paulston, 1978;Skutnabb-Kangas, 1981).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is said to be used rather rarely, and under conditions listed similarly elsewhere (especially by younger people, students, and friends, in spoken and electronic communication, as resulting from multilingual backgrounds, and motivated by some degree of playfulness). Black South African English, an ethnic variety, also displays strong mixing tendencies with African contact languages at times (Gough 1996: 69;Slabbert & Finlayson 2000;Kamwangamalu 2004).…”
Section: South Africamentioning
confidence: 99%