Bi-Directional Relationships Between Psychological Symptoms and Environmental Factors in Early Adolescence

Abstract

Bi-directional relationships between various environmental factors and psychological symptoms can be seen from childhood to adolescence; however, there has been little prospective cohort study, which investigated the relationships simultaneously. In this study, we first distinguished specific psychological symptoms from general psychopathology using bifactor modeling and then tested the relationships between psychological symptoms and environmental factors from childhood to early adolescence using a structural equation model (SEM). Methods: The analyses were based on Tokyo TEEN Cohort (TTC) data collected between October 2012 and March 2016. We obtained self-reported psychological symptoms and environmental factors from both parents and children (at their ages of 10 and 12). Participants were 3,171 children aged 10 [girls = 1,487 (46.9%), mean age, SD = 10.2, 0.28] and subsequently 12 (N = 3,007, follow-up rate 94.8%, mean age, SD = 12.2, 0.31) from three municipalities in Tokyo area.

Recent Advances and Future Directions in Brain MR Imaging Studies in Schizophrenia: Toward Elucidating Brain Pathology and Developing Clinical Tools

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A Developmentally Informed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Strength of General Psychopathology in Childhood and Adolescence

“…When conducting a subgroup analysis on longitudinal studies that established at least partial metric invariance, only 4 of the 12 longitudinal studies met this criterion (e.g., Choate et al, 2022;Etkin et al, 2021;Wade et al, 2019). The remaining 8 (e.g., Chen et al, 2022;Huang et al, 2020;McElroy, Belsky, et al, 2018;Neumann et al, 2020;Olino et al, 2018;Riglin et al, 2019;Tein, et al, 2023) either did not evaluate or attempted and determined that factor loadings of measures of general psychopathology were non-invariant across age. General factor strength also did not show changes across ages among studies that established longitudinal measurement invariance.…”