BFR‐SE: A Blockchain‐Based Fair and Reliable Searchable Encryption Scheme for IoT with Fine‐Grained Access Control in Cloud Environment

Abstract

Due to capacity limitations, large amounts of data generated by IoT devices are often stored on cloud servers. These data are usually encrypted to prevent the disclosure, which significantly affects the availability of this data. Searchable encryption (SE) allows a party to store his data created by his IoT devices or mobile in encryption on the cloud server to protect his privacy while retaining his ability to search for data. However, the general SE techniques are all pay-then-use. The searchable encryption service providers (SESP) are considered curious but honest, making it unfair and unreliable. To address these problems, we combined ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption, Bloom filter, and blockchain to propose a blockchain-based fair and reliable searchable encryption scheme (BFR-SE) in this paper. In BFR-SE, we constructed an attribute-based searchable encryption model that can provide fine-grained access control. The data owner stores the indices on SESP and stores some additional auxiliary information on the blockchain. After a data user initiates a request, SESP must return the correct and integral search results before the deadline. Otherwise, the data user can send an arbitration request, and the blockchain will make a ruling. The blockchain will only perform arbitrations based on auxiliary information when disputes arise, saving the computing resources on-chain. We analyzed the security and privacy of BFR-SE and simulated our scheme on the EOS blockchain, which proves that BFR-SE is feasible. Meanwhile, we provided a thorough analysis of storage and computing overhead, proving that BFR-SE is practical and has good performance.

Enhancing data security in cloud computing: a blockchain-based Feistel cipher encryption and multiclass vector side-channel attack detection approach

“…A blockchain and smart contract technology is designed in [57] to core elements and ensured the data integrity with build a decentralized verification method. Blockchain-based fair as well as reliable searchable encryption system is proposed in [58]. Technology as well as safety investigation of crypto currency depends on block chain is designed in [59].…”

Ether-IoT: A Realtime Lightweight and Scalable Blockchain-Enabled Cache Algorithm for IoT Access Control

“…Using zero-knowledge proof technology to realize anonymous access has resolved the issue that sensitive data cannot be kept on a BC. The authors in [11] introduced Attribute-Based Searchable Encryption (ABSE) that enables multiple keyword searches and a BC-based reward and punishment mechanism to establish a fair and reliable searchable encryption system. In the proposed method, the data owner transmits the ciphertext of indexes to searchable encryption service providers (SESP) and uploads the supplementary data to the BC.…”

Blockchain-based verifiable multi-keyword searchable encryption scheme with de-duplication support

“…Although the scheme guaranteed accurate search results without user authentication, it is limited to queries with only one keyword. An attribute-based searchable encryption approach was developed by Gao et al [18], and it provided both fair payment and fine-grained access control. When a user makes a request, the model is obligated to provide accurate and comprehensive search results prior to the established cut time.…”