Bf AND C4 MARKERS FOR INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES IN BASQUES

The Bf system in diabetes-gene interaction or linkage disequilibrium?

“…This is in contrast to studies in Southern Europe [11] where there is strong linkage disequilibrium with AW30 or A25. The absence of any HLA-A locus association in the present study probably reflects the different ethnic background of the families studied.…”

“…Therefore it follows that in the BfF1-B 18-CW5 haplotype, there is very strong allelic association between the genes which determine these specificities, reflecting the close proximity of the relevant loci and the very low frequency of recombinations between them. Linkage disequilibrium between certain alleles at the HLA-B and Bfloci has been reported in several populations [16,17], and the occurrence of BfF1 as a component of the B I8-CW5-AW30 haplotype in Southern Europe has already been mentioned [11]. No strong HLA-A locus association with BfF1-B 18-CW5 was found in the present study.…”

“…This is particularly relevant to people who are indigenous to Southern Europe or who have migrated from this area. In these populations, BfF1 is relatively more common and is a component of the HLA-DR3-B 18-CW5-AW30 haplotype [10,11]. Apart from the latter study in Basques [11], none of the other reports concerning BfF1 in Type 1 diabetic subjects includes information relating to HLA-CW5.…”

Genetic susceptibility to fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes in Bangladeshi subjects: a family study

“…Although the strength of the association was strongest for HLA-DQB1 compared with MHC Class IV genotypes, it is conceivable that susceptibility to FCPD is determined by extended haplotypes composed of MHC class II, III and IV markers. [15][16][17] To address this issue a larger number of families with this comparatively rare condition would need to be studied. As different TNF alleles have been associated with varying levels of TNF expression [18][19][20] it might be hypothesised that FCPD involves a disordered lymphokine response to an unknown environmental toxin leading to pancreatic autodigestion with deleterious consequences on both endocrine and exocrine systems.…”

Genetic polymorphism of properdin factor B (BF) in Chinese patients with two types of diabetes mellitus

“…Since the association between the HLA antigens and IDDM was found (Nerup et al, 1974), the interest has been extended to investigate the relationship between HLA-linked complement markers and IDDM. Certain alleles of factor B (BF), second component (C2), and fourth component (C4) have been shown to be associated with IDDM in Caucasoid populations (Raum et al, 1979;Kirk et al, 1980;de Mouzon et al, 1979;Bertrams et al, 1982). However, only a few reports have been published thus far on Mongoloid populations.…”