Bezugselektroden f�r elektrochemische Messungen

Abstract

Reference Electrodes for Electrochemical Measurements Recent advances in the development of reference electrodes for amperometric and voltammetric measurements are reviewed. The suitability of all‐solid‐state electrodes as reference electrodes for pH measurement for use with an glass electrode and for other potentiometric measurements is evaluated. The role of new technologies, as thick film and as thin film technology, are discussed. References for microelectrodes are represented.

New Class of Ag/AgCl Electrodes Based on Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid Saturated with AgCl

“…For many practical applications of reference electrodes, however, the presence of the internal aqueous phase is unwelcome. For example, for miniaturization, a number of works have been dedicated to obtain solid-state reference electrodes − and miniature liquid-junction reference electrodes. − However, these attempts do not seem to be successful with regard to the stability and reliability in comparison with traditional reference electrodes having an internal solution, such as Ag/AgCl/aq.KCl and Hg/Hg 2 Cl 2 /aq.KCl.…”

New reference electrodes based on tungsten-substituted molybdenum bronzes

“…Also, the measurement at higher temperature and in wide pressure range as well as the measurement in non aqueous solutions is possible with low maintenance. The problem of a solid state reference electrode is not resolved satisfactory up to the present [9].…”

Metrological Aspects of Activity Measurements in Mixed Electrolytes by Ion‐Selective Electrodes

“…Polymer-changes and/or depletion have been reported as sources of potential drifts in flowing electrode setups. [19] Nonetheless, the numerical compensation of the observed potential drift accounts for less than 2% of the combined uncertainty (see Section 3). Work is underway to switch to more stable reference electrodes, e.g., equipped with a free flowing junction.…”