Beyond Yield: Plant Disease in the Context of Ecosystem Services

Cheatham, Melissa R.; Rouse, Matthew N.; Esker, Paul D.; Ignacio, Sebastián; Pradel, Willy; Raymundo, R.; Sparks, Adam H.; Forbes, G. A.; Gordon, Thomas R.; Garrett, Karen A.

doi:10.1094/phyto-99-11-1228

Cited by 84 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In contrast, host species richness is expected to have positive effects on pathogen species richness, as a wider niche space is provided for the different pathogen species (Bond and Chase 2002). Positive or neutral biodiversity and ecosystem functioning effects on pathogen richness might also occur if additional plant species are important for completing the pathogens' life cycles (Cheatham et al 2009, Johnson et al 2009, Mundt et al 2011. This is the case for many rust fungi (Puccinia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species richness and species identity effects on occurrence of foliar fungal pathogens in a tree diversity experiment

et al. 2013

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Citation: Hantsch, L., U. Braun, M. Scherer-Lorenzen, and H. Bruelheide. 2013. Species richness and species identity effects on occurrence of foliar fungal pathogens in a tree diversity experiment. Ecosphere 4(7):81. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1890/ES13-00103.1Abstract. Current theory on transmission rates of plant pathogens predicts a strong influence of host richness on the degree of infection. In addition, identity effects, caused by the presence of particular species in a community, may also drive biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relationships, with ''selection'' or ''sampling effects'' being particularly important. We tested the effect of tree species richness and tree species identity effects on foliar fungal pathogens on four forest tree species of the temperate zone making use of the BIOTREE tree diversity experiment in Germany. We hypothesized that fungal species richness is positively and fungal pathogen load negatively related to tree species richness. In addition, we tested whether species number of foliar biotrophic fungi and pathogen load depend on tree community composition and on the presence or absence of particular disease-prone tree species. All foliar fungi were identified macro-and microscopically and subjected to statistical analyses at three hierarchical levels, at the plot level, the level of single tree species and the level of individual fungus species. There was a negative effect of tree richness on the pathogen load of common powdery mildew species. Moreover, we found strong tree species identity effects at the plot level as the presence of Quercus resulted in a high pathogen load. Thus, for the first time we experimentally showed that disease risk and pathogen transmission of foliar fungal pathogens in temperate forest tree ecosystems may depend on tree richness and on the presence of particular disease-prone species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the case for many rust fungi (Puccinia spp. ), which have a hetero-oecous life style and use different plant species as alternate hosts for sexual reproduction (Cheatham et al 2009). Positive effects of host species richness are representing a parallel to the effect of ''associational susceptibility'' with respect to herbivory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species richness and species identity effects on occurrence of foliar fungal pathogens in a tree diversity experiment

et al. 2013

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“…Cheatham et al (2009) have stated that the effect of plant disease goes beyond yield and pointed towards the scarcity of reports dealing with the potential of plant diseases to affect various ecological processes and services. It has been postulated that disruption of multitrophic interactions in a stable ecosystem under the influence of invading phytopathogens will cause community reorganization and changes in the local feedback interactions (van der Putten et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Huanglongbing alters the structure and functional diversity of microbial communities associated with citrus rhizosphere

et al. 2011

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The diversity and stability of bacterial communities present in the rhizosphere heavily influence soil and plant quality and ecosystem sustainability. The goal of this study is to understand how ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (known to cause Huanglongbing, HLB) influences the structure and functional potential of microbial communities associated with the citrus rhizosphere. Clone library sequencing and taxon/group-specific quantitative real-time PCR results showed that ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ infection restructured the native microbial community associated with citrus rhizosphere. Within the bacterial community, phylum Proteobacteria with various genera typically known as successful rhizosphere colonizers were significantly greater in clone libraries from healthy samples, whereas phylum Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, typically more dominant in the bulk soil were higher in ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’-infected samples. A comprehensive functional microarray GeoChip 3.0 was used to determine the effects of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ infection on the functional diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities. GeoChip analysis showed that HLB disease has significant effects on various functional guilds of bacteria. Many genes involved in key ecological processes such as nitrogen cycling, carbon fixation, phosphorus utilization, metal homeostasis and resistance were significantly greater in healthy than in the ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’-infected citrus rhizosphere. Our results showed that the microbial community of the ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’-infected citrus rhizosphere has shifted away from using more easily degraded sources of carbon to the more recalcitrant forms. Overall, our study provides evidence that the change in plant physiology mediated by ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ infection could elicit shifts in the composition and functional potential of rhizosphere microbial communities. In the long term, these fluctuations might have important implications for the productivity and sustainability of citrus-producing agro-ecosystems.

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“…Networks may provide a tool to test mechanisms linking plant diversity and ecosystem susceptibility to plant pathogens: (i) insurance hypothesis: the presence of some nodes (species) insures against the disappearance of others; (ii) redundancy hypothesis: some nodes can be removed without damage to the system; (iii) idiosyncratic hypothesis: the response of the network to the removal of nodes is not simply predictable; (iv) rivet hypothesis: some nodes have a more important role than others in providing stability; and (v) null hypothesis: network functionality is independent of the number of nodes (97). There is increasing observational, experimental, and theoretical evidence that higher intra-and interspecific diversity of plant hosts is associated with lower impact of plant pathogens and pests (36,57,62,71,91,116), but we are still far from understanding the regulating or synergistic effects of the co-occurrence of different plant pathogens and pests in the same ecosystem or over large regions (19,126,133).…”

Section: Network and The Complexity-stability Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Networks in Plant Epidemiology: From Genes to Landscapes, Countries, and Continents

Moslonka‐Lefebvre¹,

Finley²,

Dorigatti³

et al. 2011

Phytopathology®

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Networks are sets of nodes connected by links in various ways (Box 1). Although the properties of random networks have already been systematically investigated in the 1960s, a growing body of literature is now using networks in a range of ecological applications, including the study and management of human, animal, and plant diseases (29,49,58,80,131) (Fig. 1). Given the generality and flexibility of the approach, network representations can be used at a variety of levels in plant pathology, from gene expression during host-pathogen interactions, to the development of plant epidemics among fields, farms, and landscapes and to trade movement of plants infected by pathogens or infested by insects among regions and countries.Network structure has profound effects on the dynamics of an epidemic within a population (51,61,127). In today's globally connected world, social and transportation networks play a crucial role in the spread of human infectious diseases (21,53,83). A network approach provides insights into the transmission of infectious diseases also in animals more generally (40,45,78,137). Although there is an increasing interdisciplinary application of networks in epidemiology, relatively little attention has been paid to these analytical approaches in plant sciences. Hence the need for this review, which aims to summarize recent progress in this rapidly developing field and to highlight research challenges specific to plant pathology.In today's plant pathology, as in other fields, there is a need for integrating investigations at the molecular, mycelium, plant, regional and international scale (9,48,102,111,118,120,132). Networks can provide such a unifying framework. They can be (i) perceived at an abstract level (e.g., fungal species occurring on the same plant species host), (ii) materialized by a physical structure (e.g., the root system of plant individuals connected by mycorrhiza, or vice versa), and (iii) underlying flows of energy, matter or information (e.g., the exchanges of knowledge, equipment and money among farmers, plant health consultants, researchers and phytopharmaceutical companies). There is increasing use of networks in ecology and epidemiology, but still relatively little application in phytopathology. Networks are sets of elements (nodes) connected in various ways by links (edges). Network analysis aims to understand system dynamics and outcomes in relation to network characteristics. Many existing natural, social, and technological networks have been shown to have small-world (local connectivity with short-cuts) and scale-free (presence of superconnected nodes) properties. In this review, we discuss how network concepts can be applied in plant pathology from the molecular to the landscape and global level. Wherever disease spread occurs not just because of passive/natural dispersion but also due to artificial movements, it makes sense to superimpose realistic models of the trade in plants on spatially explicit models of epidemic development. We provide an example of an emerging pat...

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Beyond Yield: Plant Disease in the Context of Ecosystem Services

Cited by 84 publications

References 97 publications

Species richness and species identity effects on occurrence of foliar fungal pathogens in a tree diversity experiment

Species richness and species identity effects on occurrence of foliar fungal pathogens in a tree diversity experiment

Huanglongbing alters the structure and functional diversity of microbial communities associated with citrus rhizosphere

Networks in Plant Epidemiology: From Genes to Landscapes, Countries, and Continents

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