Beyond Words: Influence of Nonverbal Behavior of Female Job Applicants in the Employment Interview

Young, David M.; Beier, Ernst G.; Beier, Steven

doi:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1979.tb05408.x

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Second, studies in this area have presented vastly different effect sizes for the effects of the same cue, with some studies even reporting contradictory findings. Eye contact, for example, has been found to be positively (Young et al, 1979) and negatively (Hebbani & Frey, 2007) correlated with interview performance, as has head nodding (Fox & Spector, 2000; Schmidt, 2007). Meta‐analysis can overcome these weaknesses by aggregating across many studies to achieve more robust point estimates than those derived from individual studies (Schmidt, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speaking without words: A meta‐analysis of over 70 years of research on the power of nonverbal cues in job interviews

et al. 2022

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What candidates say in an interview is important-but so is how they say it. We draw on dual-process theory to explain why interviewers rely on individuals' dynamic and static nonverbal cues to evaluate performance with quick, implicit inferences (System 1 processing). Yet, it remains unclear which cues most influence interviewers' judgments and whether moderators affecting interviewers' reliance on System 1 thinking (e.g., interview structure, modality, duration, and interviewee gender) impact the relationship between nonverbal cues and interview ratings. We performed the first meta-analysis to address these questions, integrating findings across 63 studies (N = 4868). The nonverbal cues demonstrating the strongest association with interview performance were professional appearance (ρ = .62), eye contact (ρ = .45), and head movement (ρ = .43). Moderator analyses highlight the persistent power of nonverbal cues, as the results were largely unaffected by interview structure, modality, or duration. Experimental design did play a role, as did interviewees' gender, with stronger effects for certain nonverbal cues (e.g., facial expressions and professional appearance) for women than men, conveying interviewers' reliance on gender-based stereotypes when judging their performance. Overall, these results suggest nonverbal cues and characteristics are an important influence on job applicants' success in employment interviews.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speaking without words: A meta‐analysis of over 70 years of research on the power of nonverbal cues in job interviews

et al. 2022

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Vocational behavior and career development, 1979: A review

Garbin

Stover

1980

Journal of Vocational Behavior

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What you see may not be what you get: Relationships among self-presentation tactics and ratings of interview and job performance.

Barrick

Shaffer

DeGrassi

2009

Journal of Applied Psychology

362

403

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The image candidates portray in the interview, via appearance, impression management, and verbal and nonverbal behavior, has been hypothesized to influence interviewer ratings. Through the lenses of social influence and interdependence theories, this meta-analysis investigated (a) the magnitude of the relationship between these 3 self-presentation tactics and interviewer ratings, (b) whether these tactics also are correlated with later job performance, and (c) whether important theoretical moderators (e.g., the level of interview structure, the rating source, the use of field or experimental designs) affect these relationships. Results reveal that what you see in the interview may not be what you get on the job and that the unstructured interview is particularly impacted by these self-presentation tactics. Additionally and surprisingly, moderator analyses of these relationships found that the type of research design (experimental vs. field) does not moderate these findings.

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Beyond Words: Influence of Nonverbal Behavior of Female Job Applicants in the Employment Interview

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Speaking without words: A meta‐analysis of over 70 years of research on the power of nonverbal cues in job interviews

Speaking without words: A meta‐analysis of over 70 years of research on the power of nonverbal cues in job interviews

Vocational behavior and career development, 1979: A review

What you see may not be what you get: Relationships among self-presentation tactics and ratings of interview and job performance.

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