Beyond WEIRD: Towards a broad-based behavioral science

Henrich, Joseph; Heine, Steven; Norenzayan, Ara

doi:10.1017/s0140525x10000725

Cited by 523 publications

(374 citation statements)

References 416 publications

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“…; Henrich, Heine, & Norenzayan, 2010). Thus it remains unclear whether the current findings would generalise to clinical samples of participants diagnosed with specific mental health problems, in non-WEIRD societies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Happy to Help? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor

Curry¹,

Rowland²,

Lissa³

et al. 2016

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Do acts of kindness improve the well-being of the actor? Recent advances in the behavioural sciences have provided a number of explanations of human social, cooperative and altruistic behaviour. These theories predict that people will be 'happy to help' family, friends, community members, spouses, and even strangers under some conditions. Here we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the experimental evidence that kindness interventions (for example, performing 'random acts of kindness') boost subjective well-being. Our initial search of the literature identified 489 articles; of which 24 (27 studies) met the inclusion criteria (total N = 4045). These 27 studies, some of which included multiple control conditions and dependent measures, yielded 52 effect sizes. Multi-level modeling revealed that the overall effect of kindness on the well-being of the actor is small-tomedium (δ = 0.28). The effect was not moderated by sex, age, type of participant, intervention, control condition or outcome measure. There was no indication of publication bias. We discuss the limitations of the current literature, and recommend that future research test more specific theories of kindness: taking kindness-specific individual differences into account; distinguishing between the effects of kindness to specific categories of people; and considering a wider range of proximal and distal outcomes. Such research will advance our understanding of the causes and consequences of kindness, and help practitioners to maximise the effectiveness of kindness interventions to improve well-being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Happy to Help? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor

Curry¹,

Rowland²,

Lissa³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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“…According to Norenzayan (2010a, 2010b), in the leading periodicals of the field, 96% of the participants were WEIRD, that is, from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic countries. Henrich et al (2010aHenrich et al ( , 2010b argue that these subjects have particularly unusual characteristics if compared to the rest of the human species, often being outliers. Similarly, in the journals with the greatest impact in the area of personality psychology, according to , most authors are linked to institutions from the United States of America, as are the journals themselves.…”

Section: The Lexical Approach and Cross-cultural Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Personality Lexicon in Brazilian Portuguese: Studies with Natural Language

Peres¹

2018

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iv Procura da poesia (...) Chega mais perto e contempla as palavras.Cada uma tem mil faces secretas sob a face neutra e te pergunta, sem interesse pela resposta, pobre ou terrível, que lhe deres:Trouxeste a chave? (...) Carlos Drummond de Andrade in A Rosa do Povo (1945) From March 1979Tired of all who come with words, words but no language I went to the snow-covered island.The wild does not have words.The unwritten pages spread out on all sides! I come upon the tracks of roe deer in the snow.Language but no words. Tomas Tranströmer in The Wild Market Square (1983, trad. Robin Fulton) v DedicatoryThis dissertation is dedicated to Professor Jacob Laros and to Professor Luiz Pasquali, who advised me during my postgraduate studies with inspiring wisdom, not only embracing my projects, but also kindly respecting my ideas and decisions, and patiently guiding me through my doubts and after my stumbles. It is an honor to be an apprentice and a friend of such masters.vi Agradecimentos (Acknowledgements)Um doutoramento não é resultado apenas da dedicação individual do estudante. Nesse sentido, faço os seguintes agradecimentos. À Renata e ao Bartholomeu, pelo amor e companheirismo. Aos meus pais, que sempre se esforçaram para oferecer aos filhos e a outros familiares oportunidades para o desenvolvimento educacional e profissional. Aos meus irmãos, cunhados e ao restante da minha grande e querida família mineira. À Thaís, Dudu e Raphael, a quem espero inspirar em seguir a carreira acadêmica. Aos meus professores da Educação Básica, que me ensinaram a aprender e inspiraram minha predileção pela ciência, artes e filosofia. Gostaria de lembrar especialmente das professoras Laudiene, Eliana, Magda Table 3. The Six-Topic Model with the 10 most relevant terms of the topics, reliability and presumed correspondence with other psycholexical models ……………………………………………………………..……….… 127 Table 4. The Seven-Topic Model with the 10 most relevant terms of the topics, reliability and presumed correspondence with other psycholexical models ……………………………………………………….… 128 Table 5. The Fourteen-Topic Model with the 10 most relevant terms of the topics, reliability and presumed correspondence with other psycholexical models ………………………………………………………… 130 Table 6. The Fifteen-Topic Model with the 10 most relevant terms of the topics, reliability and presumed correspondence with other psycholexical models …………………………………………………………. 132 Table 7. User frequency or the number of users that used the term, overall term frequency in the corpus, inverse document frequency, mean, minimum, maximum, and range …………………………..… 147xii General AbstractThis dissertation consists of three studies concerning the lexical approach of research in the field of personality, with a focus on Brazilian culture and natural language. The first study is of a theoretical nature and explores some of the criticisms regarding the lexical approach to personality research with its origin in the psychological study of natural language and crosscultural psychology, as well as methodolo...

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“…Behavioral research has typically relied on highly selected and homogeneous samples that constrain generalizability (Henrich, Heine & Norenzayan, 2010). Self-selected Web samples, on the other hand, tend to be much more diverse in terms of age, education, socioeconomic status, and geographic location (Gosling et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Web as good as the lab? Comparable performance from Web and lab in cognitive/perceptual experiments

et al. 2012

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With the increasing sophistication and ubiquity of the Internet, behavioral research is on the cusp of a revolution that will do for population sampling what the computer did for stimulus control and measurement. It remains a common assumption, however, that data from self-selected Web samples must involve a trade-off between participant numbers and data quality. Concerns about data quality are heightened for performance-based cognitive and perceptual measures, particularly those that are timed or that involve complex stimuli. In experiments run with uncompensated, anonymous participants whose motivation for participation is unknown, reduced conscientiousness or lack of focus could produce results that would be difficult to interpret due to decreased overall performance, increased variability of performance, or increased measurement noise. Here, we addressed the question of data quality across a range of cognitive and perceptual tests. For three key performance metrics-mean performance, performance variance, and internal reliability-the results from selfselected Web samples did not differ systematically from those obtained from traditionally recruited and/or lab-tested samples. These findings demonstrate that collecting data from uncompensated, anonymous, unsupervised, self-selected participants need not reduce data quality, even for demanding cognitive and perceptual experiments.

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Beyond WEIRD: Towards a broad-based behavioral science

Cited by 523 publications

References 416 publications

Happy to Help? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor

Happy to Help? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor

The Personality Lexicon in Brazilian Portuguese: Studies with Natural Language

Is the Web as good as the lab? Comparable performance from Web and lab in cognitive/perceptual experiments

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