Beyond Wealth and Health: The Social Environment as a Protective Factor for Cognitive Development of Children in Nicaragua

Applying analytic hierarchy process for site selection of a recreational-educational children complex in Shiraz City, Iran

“…The education programs that persuade children to engage with environmental issues can be encourages them to create an emotional bond with place (Lane et al 2005), Schools need be located on safe places; these safe locations should also be optimal and economical to the public in terms of accountability (Talam and Ngigi 2015). Vollman and Richland (2020) showed that one of the influential mechanisms in the early childhood development was the structured environment. According to the model of Counter, the process of education is related to the physical, conceptual, and behavioural elements in the surrounding environment (Mahdavinejad et al 2014).…”

“…In nations with high-income, the aspects of early social context effect on cognitive development of children such as early social interactions, housing quality and neighbourhoods ', etc. (Bhutta et al 2013;Gottfried 2013;Vollman and Richland 2020), while there is not any globally agreed index for evaluation of environmental indicators that influence on cognitive development of children in developing countries (Hamadani et al 2010). The problem arises in translating these theoretical and empirical insights into practical applications, particularly in the context of educational facilities for children.…”

“…The problem arises in translating these theoretical and empirical insights into practical applications, particularly in the context of educational facilities for children. While high-income nations often integrate aspects like early social contexts and environmental quality into cognitive development (Bhutta et al 2013;Gottfried 2013;Vollman and Richland 2020), developing countries lack a globally agreed index for evaluating environmental indicators crucial for children's cognitive development (Hamadani et al 2010). This gap is particularly evident in the selection of sites for educational-recreational complexes, where factors such as safety, accessibility, environmental quality, and spatial design significantly impact children's developmental outcomes (Stanković et al 2006;Izadpanah Jahromi 2004;Mosayebzadeh and Sayed-Almasi 2010;Tabatabaian et al 2017).…”

Validation of the neurocognitive battery PreAcadémica in Cuban preschoolers

“…Cognitive development in early childhood creates the foundation for a favorable schooling trajectory in childhood and adolescence, as well as academic and occupational success in adulthood (Doebel, 2020). In many low-and middle-income Latin American countries, more than half of children demonstrate a delay in cognitive proficiency when they enter basic education (Abufhele et al, 2021;Borrescio & Valenzuela, 2021;Vollman & Richland, 2020). These children are not sufficiently prepared to learn and often face additional difficulties in school.…”