Beyond vegetables: effects of indoor <scp>LED</scp> light on specialized metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal and aromatic plants, edible flowers, and microgreens

Appolloni, Elisa; Pennisi, Giuseppina; Zauli, Ilaria; Carotti, Laura; Paucek, Ivan; Quaini, Stefania; Orsini, Francesco; Gianquinto, Giorgio

doi:10.1002/jsfa.11513

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 127 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, Appolloni et al [166] undertook a review on the effects of LED lighting on the content of phytochemicals in medicinal and aromatic plants, microgreens, and edible flowers. Among the 40 papers reviewed, most studies used a combination of red and blue light (22%) or monochromatic blue light (23%), with a 16 h day −1 photoperiod (78%) and a light intensity greater than 200 µmol m −2 s −1 (77%).…”

Section: Effects Of Light Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 40 papers reviewed, most studies used a combination of red and blue light (22%) or monochromatic blue light (23%), with a 16 h day −1 photoperiod (78%) and a light intensity greater than 200 µmol m −2 s −1 (77%). The application of red and blue light together, sometimes also in combination with other spectra (far-red and green), often showed beneficial effects regarding the accumulation of phytochemicals, particularly in the case of microgreens [166]. However, the impact of red and blue light on the synthesis of specialized metabolites may vary with the plant species studied.…”

Section: Effects Of Light Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sprouts and Microgreens—Novel Food Sources for Healthy Diets

Ebert

2022

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the growing interest of society in healthy eating, the interest in fresh, ready-to-eat, functional food, such as microscale vegetables (sprouted seeds and microgreens), has been on the rise in recent years globally. This review briefly describes the crops commonly used for microscale vegetable production, highlights Brassica vegetables because of their health-promoting secondary metabolites (polyphenols, glucosinolates), and looks at consumer acceptance of sprouts and microgreens. Apart from the main crops used for microscale vegetable production, landraces, wild food plants, and crops’ wild relatives often have high phytonutrient density and exciting flavors and tastes, thus providing the scope to widen the range of crops and species used for this purpose. Moreover, the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals often vary with plant growth and development within the same crop. Sprouted seeds and microgreens are often more nutrient-dense than ungerminated seeds or mature vegetables. This review also describes the environmental and priming factors that may impact the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals of microscale vegetables. These factors include the growth environment, growing substrates, imposed environmental stresses, seed priming and biostimulants, biofortification, and the effect of light in controlled environments. This review also touches on microgreen market trends. Due to their short growth cycle, nutrient-dense sprouts and microgreens can be produced with minimal input; without pesticides, they can even be home-grown and harvested as needed, hence having low environmental impacts and a broad acceptance among health-conscious consumers.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Light Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Light Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Sprouts and Microgreens—Novel Food Sources for Healthy Diets

Ebert

2022

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In general, major environmental factors are controlled to optimize crop photosynthesis and growth in controlled environments (Carotti et al, 2021). Secondary metabolite production has been attempted to be maximized beyond biomass controlling environmental factors, including temperature, relative humidity, photoperiod, and light spectrum (Shim et al, 2018;Johnson et al, 2019;Appolloni et al, 2021). Unlike other environmental factors, supplementation with UV-B radiation near harvest could be more effective without growth loss or additional energy input (dos S. Nascimento et al, 2020;Yoon et al, 2020).…”

Section: Predicting Models Of Phenolic Content In Three-dimensional P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Phenolic Contents Based on Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Three-Dimensional Structure of Kale Leaves

Yoon¹,

Kim²,

Oh³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–315 nm) radiation has been known as an elicitor to enhance bioactive compound contents in plants. However, unpredictable yield is an obstacle to the application of UV-B radiation to controlled environments such as plant factories. A typical three-dimensional (3D) plant structure causes uneven UV-B exposure with leaf position and age-dependent sensitivity to UV-B radiation. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for predicting phenolic accumulation in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) according to UV-B radiation interception and growth stage. The plants grown under a plant factory module were exposed to UV-B radiation from UV-B light-emitting diodes with a peak at 310 nm for 6 or 12 h at 23, 30, and 38 days after transplanting. The spatial distribution of UV-B radiation interception in the plants was quantified using ray-tracing simulation with a 3D-scanned plant model. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), UV-B absorbing pigment content (UAPC), and the antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in UV-B-exposed leaves. Daily UV-B energy absorbed by leaves and developmental age was used to develop stepwise multiple linear regression models for the TPC, TFC, TAC, and UAPC at each growth stage. The newly developed models accurately predicted the TPC, TFC, TAC, and UAPC in individual leaves with R2 > 0.78 and normalized root mean squared errors of approximately 30% in test data, across the three growth stages. The UV-B energy yields for TPC, TFC, and TAC were the highest in the intermediate leaves, while those for UAPC were the highest in young leaves at the last stage. To the best of our knowledge, this study proposed the first statistical models for estimating UV-B-induced phenolic contents in plant structure. These results provided the fundamental data and models required for the optimization process. This approach can save the experimental time and cost required to optimize the control of UV-B radiation.

show abstract

“…Indeed, crop food production in such systems can be finely tuned to control yield and, peculiarly, morphological and nutritional quality [ 6 ], making it possible to increase produce value. For example, applying blue light (B) in an appropriate proportion to other wavelengths, especially to red light (R), enhances crop quality by stimulating the accumulation of secondary compounds [ 7 , 8 ]. In some cases, blue light has also been reported to have positive effects on stomatal conductance, g s , and photosynthesis [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Cyanic and Acyanic Lettuce Cultivars to an Increased Proportion of Blue Light

Cammarisano

Körner

2022

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indoor crop cultivation systems such as vertical farms or plant factories necessitate artificial lighting. Light spectral quality can affect plant growth and metabolism and, consequently, the amount of biomass produced and the value of the produce. Conflicting results on the effects of the light spectrum in different plant species and cultivars make it critical to implement a singular lighting solution. In this study we investigated the response of cyanic and acyanic lettuce cultivars to an increased proportion of blue light. For that, we selected a green and a red leaf lettuce cultivar (i.e., ‘Aquino’, CVg, and ‘Barlach’, CVr, respectively). The response of both cultivars to long-term blue-enriched light application compared to a white spectrum was analyzed. Plants were grown for 30 days in a growth chamber with optimal environmental conditions (temperature: 20 °C, relative humidity: 60%, ambient CO2, photon flux density (PFD) of 260 µmol m−2 s−1 over an 18 h photoperiod). At 15 days after sowing (DAS), white spectrum LEDs (WW) were compared to blue-enriched light (WB; λPeak = 423 nm) maintaining the same PFD of 260 µmol m−2 s−1. At 30 DAS, both lettuce cultivars adapted to the blue light variant, though the adaptive response was specific to the variety. The rosette weight, light use efficiency, and maximum operating efficiency of PSII photochemistry in the light, Fv/Fm’, were comparable between the two light treatments. A significant light quality effect was detected on stomatal density and conductance (20% and 17% increase under WB, respectively, in CVg) and on the modified anthocyanin reflectance index (mARI) (40% increase under WB, in CVr). Net photosynthesis response was generally stronger in CVg compared to CVr; e.g., net photosynthetic rate, Pn, at 1000 µmol m−2 s−1 PPFD increased from WW to WB by 23% in CVg, compared to 18% in CVr. The results obtained suggest the occurrence of distinct physiological adaptive strategies in green and red pigmented lettuce cultivars to adapt to the higher proportion of blue light environment.

show abstract

Beyond vegetables: effects of indoor LED light on specialized metabolite biosynthesis in medicinal and aromatic plants, edible flowers, and microgreens

Cited by 57 publications

References 127 publications

Sprouts and Microgreens—Novel Food Sources for Healthy Diets

Sprouts and Microgreens—Novel Food Sources for Healthy Diets

Prediction of Phenolic Contents Based on Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Three-Dimensional Structure of Kale Leaves

Response of Cyanic and Acyanic Lettuce Cultivars to an Increased Proportion of Blue Light

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About