Beyond Tuskegee — Vaccine Distrust and Everyday Racism

Bajaj, Simar S.; Stanford, Fatima Cody

doi:10.1056/nejmpv2035827

Cited by 217 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Improvement of individual and population health is based on creating a culture of prevention in which people have ready access to factual information about vaccine‐preventable conditions and the benefits and side effects of vaccines 4,6,8,9,13,14 and are free to act on that information without undue barriers 9,13 . Regular engagement with clients about vaccines can identify why vaccine hesitancy or opposition occurs for individual families and can be instrumental in improving vaccine uptake rates 4,9,15 …”

Section: Barriers To Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clients’ confidence or concerns about vaccine adverse effects can be related to the uncertainty of whether they will suffer an adverse reaction or to fears that their concerns will be unheard or minimized if an adverse reaction occurs and that they will not receive the necessary health care in a prompt and professional manner 16 . Understanding the underlying root causes of vaccine hesitancy is necessary to develop effective strategies that address the issues directly 6,8,13,15,17,18 . Vaccine mandates provide an example of how policies that aim to increase vaccine uptake can also contribute to vaccine hesitancy.…”

Section: Barriers To Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although in the United States national recommendations exist for vaccine administration across the life span, vaccination rates are affected by barriers to access 3,4 and vaccine hesitancy 5,6 . Socioeconomic factors, 7 social policies, 4 and historic and persistent experiences of racism 8 and discrimination have been identified as barriers to ready access to vaccination and vaccine acceptance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using a Harm Reduction Model to Reduce Barriers to Vaccine Administration

Tharpe

McDaniel

2021

J Midwife Womens Health

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Vaccination is a strategic public health measure designed to reduce the adverse effects of many infectious diseases. Although national recommendations exist for vaccine administration across the life span, immunization rates are affected by barriers to vaccine access and hesitancy in vaccine acceptance. Midwives and women's health clinicians are optimally poised to assess their client's vaccination status and provide vaccinations during clinical encounters. In order to address client concerns about vaccine safety and administration, each clinician is expected to be knowledgeable about vaccine benefits, recommendations, side effects, and potential adverse reactions. Socioeconomic factors, social policies, and historic and continued experiences related to racism have been identified as barriers to ready access to vaccinations and vaccine acceptance. Midwives can act as leaders within their practice sites and communities through participation in projects that reduce barriers to vaccine access and uptake. Community vaccine outreach programs and relationship‐based care can increase vaccine uptake through improved health literacy and associated behavioral changes including greater vaccine acceptance. This article focuses on identifying barriers to vaccine uptake and describing harm reduction measures designed to improve uptake of vaccines. A variety of leadership activities are discussed that can improve clinicians’ understanding of their role in optimizing vaccination.

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Section: Barriers To Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Barriers To Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using a Harm Reduction Model to Reduce Barriers to Vaccine Administration

Tharpe

McDaniel

2021

J Midwife Womens Health

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“… 5 , 10 For certain black adults, lower vaccine intent compared with other racial and ethnic groups may be due to mistrust in the health care system due to their experiences with racism in health care. 11 However, it is critical to acknowledge that, as seen with acceptance of other vaccines in the United States, lower COVID-19 vaccination uptake is not solely due to hesitancy among medically underserved populations with IBD. Inequitable distribution of vaccines secondary to factors such as age parameters, digital technology disparities that hinder vaccine access, and other social determinants of health exemplify how policies and practices may inadvertently further widen racial and ethnic disparities around COVID-19 outcomes.…”

Section: Covid-19 Vaccine Intent Among Patients With Ibdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensuring High and Equitable COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Patients With IBD

Caldera

Balzora

Hayney

et al. 2021

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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The recent emergency use authorization of a third COVID-19 vaccine means that most patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will soon be eligible to be vaccinated. Gastroenterology clinicians should be prepared to address patients’ concerns regarding safety and efficacy of vaccines. They should also strongly recommend that all their patients be vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, they should be prepared to educate patients about logistics that will result in successful vaccination completion. All these measures will be crucial to ensure high uptake among their patients with IBD.

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“…A driving factor for vaccine hesitancy among specific racial and ethnic groups is the history of and current racism in the U.S. healthcare system [ 6 , 7 ], from Tuskegee to the present day [ 8 ]. In a nationally representative study of U.S. adults ages 50+, health care discrimination was associated with higher odds of elevated HbA1c and C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation and a predictor of coronary heart disease [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advocacy, Hesitancy, and Equity: Exploring U.S. Race-Related Discussions of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Twitter

Criss

Nguyen

Norton

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Our study aimed to describe themes of tweets related to COVID-19 vaccines, race, and ethnicity to explore the context of the intersection of these topics on Twitter. Methods: We utilized Twitter’s Streaming Application Programming Interface (API) to collect a random 1% sample of publicly available tweets from October 2020 to January 2021. The study team conducted a qualitative content analysis from the full data set of 1110 tweets. Results: The tweets revealed vaccine support through vaccine affirmation, advocacy through reproach, a need for a vaccine, COVID-19 and racism, vaccine development and efficacy, racist vaccine humor, and news updates. Vaccine opposition was demonstrated through direct opposition, vaccine hesitancy, and adverse reactions. Conspiracy and misinformation included scientific misinformation, political misinformation, beliefs about immunity and protective behaviors, and race extermination conspiracy. Equity and access focused on overcoming history of medical racism, pointing out health disparities, and facilitators to vaccine access. Representation touted pride in development and role models, and politics discussed the role of politics in vaccines and international politics. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that Twitter can provide nuances about multiple viewpoints on the vaccine related to race and ethnicity and can be beneficial in contributing to insights for public health messaging.

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Beyond Tuskegee — Vaccine Distrust and Everyday Racism

Cited by 217 publications

References 3 publications

Using a Harm Reduction Model to Reduce Barriers to Vaccine Administration

Using a Harm Reduction Model to Reduce Barriers to Vaccine Administration

Ensuring High and Equitable COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Patients With IBD

Advocacy, Hesitancy, and Equity: Exploring U.S. Race-Related Discussions of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Twitter

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