Beyond the Reproductive Effect of Sex Steroids: Their Role During Immunity to Helminth Parasite Infections

Hernández-Bello, Romel; Nava-Castro, Karen Elizabeth; Muñiz-Hernández, Saé; Nava-Luna, P.; Trejo-Sánchez, Itztli; Tiempos-Guzmán, N.; Mendoza-Rodríguez, Y.; Morales‐Montor, Jorge

doi:10.2174/138955712802762149

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…All mice were handled at room temperature for 14 days before treatment, and all mice were age-matched (12 weeks old). We used only male C57BL/6 N mice for this primary study because gender of mice affects hormones and cell-mediated immune response [ 20 , 21 ]. Cytokine expression also differs between male and female mice [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new multiple trauma model of the mouse

Fitschen-Oestern

Lippross

Klueter

et al. 2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundBlunt trauma is the most frequent mechanism of injury in multiple trauma, commonly resulting from road traffic collisions or falls. Two of the most frequent injuries in patients with multiple trauma are chest trauma and extremity fracture. Several trauma mouse models combine chest trauma and head injury, but no trauma mouse model to date includes the combination of long bone fractures and chest trauma. Outcome is essentially determined by the combination of these injuries. In this study, we attempted to establish a reproducible novel multiple trauma model in mice that combines blunt trauma, major injuries and simple practicability.MethodsNinety-six male C57BL/6 N mice (n = 8/group) were subjected to trauma for isolated femur fracture and a combination of femur fracture and chest injury. Serum samples of mice were obtained by heart puncture at defined time points of 0 h (hour), 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d (days), and 7 d.ResultsA tendency toward reduced weight and temperature was observed at 24 h after chest trauma and femur fracture. Blood analyses revealed a decrease in hemoglobin during the first 24 h after trauma. Some animals were killed by heart puncture immediately after chest contusion; these animals showed the most severe lung contusion and hemorrhage. The extent of structural lung injury varied in different mice but was evident in all animals. Representative H&E-stained (Haematoxylin and Eosin-stained) paraffin lung sections of mice with multiple trauma revealed hemorrhage and an inflammatory immune response. Plasma samples of mice with chest trauma and femur fracture showed an up-regulation of IL-1β (Interleukin-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor- α) compared with the control group. Mice with femur fracture and chest trauma showed a significant up-regulation of IL-6 compared to group with isolated femur fracture.ConclusionsThe multiple trauma mouse model comprising chest trauma and femur fracture enables many analogies to clinical cases of multiple trauma in humans and demonstrates associated characteristic clinical and pathophysiological changes. This model is easy to perform, is economical and can be used for further research examining specific immunological questions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new multiple trauma model of the mouse

Fitschen-Oestern

Lippross

Klueter

et al. 2017

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…These research efforts may disclose important links between steroid hormones and the immune system, thereby offering chances for novel therapeutic options. Several clinical and experimental studies demonstrated significant effects of sex hormones on cell mediated immune responses 5 , 6 . With respect to humoral immune responses, a remarkable preponderance of females are susceptible to autoimmune diseases, i.e., systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Hashimoto thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, and primary biliary cirrhosis 7 - 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in sepsis

Angele¹,

Pratschke²,

et al. 2013

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During sepsis, a complex network of cytokine, immune, and endothelial cell interactions occur and disturbances in the microcirculation cause organ dysfunction or even failure leading to high mortality in those patients. In this respect, numerous experimental and clinical studies indicate sex-specific differences in infectious diseases and sepsis. Female gender has been demonstrated to be protective under such conditions, whereas male gender may be deleterious due to a diminished cell-mediated immune response and cardiovascular functions. Male sex hormones, i.e., androgens, have been shown to be suppressive on cell-mediated immune responses. In contrast, female sex hormones exhibit protective effects which may contribute to the natural advantages of females under septic conditions. Thus, the hormonal status has to be considered when treating septic patients. Therefore, potential therapies could be derived from this knowledge. In this respect, administration of female sex hormones (estrogens and their precursors) may exert beneficial effects. Alternatively, blockade of male sex hormone receptors could result in maintained immune responses under adverse circulatory conditions. Finally, administration of agents that influence enzymes synthesizing female sex hormones which attenuate the levels of pro-inflammatory agents might exert salutary effects in septic patients. Prospective patient studies are required for transferring those important experimental findings into the clinical arena.

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“…Previous studies have also shown that the severity of malaria infection differs between males and females [75], with men developing more severe parasitaemia and pathology than women [76]. In addition, it has been described that in general women produce more intense humoral and cell-mediated immune responses than males [77, 78]. However, no effect of sex was observed on the analyte concentrations in either infected or uninfected subjects, although a sex interaction was found with year for TNF, IFN-γ, IL-4, RANTES and GM-CSF, the impact of which is difficult to interpret.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing plasma cytokine, chemokine and growth factor profiles upon differing malaria transmission intensities

Aguilar

Campo

Chicuecue

et al. 2019

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria epidemiological and immunological data suggest that parasite tolerance wanes in the absence of continuous exposure to the parasite, potentially enhancing pathogenesis. The expansion of control interventions and elimination campaigns raises the necessity to better understand the host factors leading to susceptibility or tolerance that are affected by rapid changes in malaria transmission intensity (MTI). Mediators of cellular immune responses are responsible for the symptoms and pathological alterations during disease and are expected to change rapidly upon malaria exposure or cessation.MethodsThe plasma concentrations of 30 cytokine, chemokine and growth factors in individuals of all ages from a malaria endemic area of southern Mozambique were compared between 2 years of different MTI: 2010 (lower, n = 234) and 2013 (higher, n = 143). The effect of the year on the correlations between cytokines, chemokines and growth factors and IgGs to Plasmodium falciparum (markers of exposure) was explored. The effects of age, sex, neighbourhood and parasitaemia on analyte levels and their interactions with year were also assessed.ResultsAn inverse correlation of several cellular immune mediators with malarial antibodies in 2013, and a lack of correlation or even a positive correlation in 2010 were observed. Most cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, regardless of their immune function, had higher concentrations in 2010 compared with 2013 in P. falciparum-infected and uninfected subjects. Age and neighbourhood showed an effect on analyte concentrations.ConclusionsThe results show a different regulation of the cellular immune response in 2010 vs 2013 which could be related to a loss of immune-tolerance after a decline in MTI in 2010 and previous years, and a rapid re-establishment of tolerance as a consequence of more continuous exposure as MTI began increasing in 2012. Cellular immune mediators warrant further investigation as possible surrogates of MTI-associated host susceptibility or tolerance.

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Beyond the Reproductive Effect of Sex Steroids: Their Role During Immunity to Helminth Parasite Infections

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

A new multiple trauma model of the mouse

A new multiple trauma model of the mouse

Gender differences in sepsis

Changing plasma cytokine, chemokine and growth factor profiles upon differing malaria transmission intensities

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