Beyond the N1: A review of late somatosensory evoked responses in human infants

Saby, Joni N.; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Marshall, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.08.008

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The interstimulus interval was large, variable, and self-paced by the experimenter (8–15 s) as shorter intervals could attenuate long latency SEPs (Desmedt and Manil 1970; Gibson et al 1992; Nevalainen et al 2015). In case the infant moved, the tap was delayed for several seconds to avoid potential modulation of the somatosensory response by the movement (Saby et al 2016) and to allow movement artifacts to resolve. The sequence in which the limbs were stimulated varied across subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much less is known about longer-latency potentials, which are considered to reflect higher-order processing levels further along the hierarchical tree (Nevalainen et al 2014; Saby et al 2016). At full-term, stimulation of the hands and feet elicits a second negative deflection (N2) at 150 ms following the early N1 and/or P1, and, less consistently reported, a second positive peak (P2) at 240 ms and a third negative peak (N3) at 450 ms (hands: Desmedt and Manil 1970; Hrbek et al 1973; Laget et al 1976; Karniski et al 1992; Taylor et al 1996; Pihko et al 2004; Nevalainen et al 2015; Maitre et al 2017; Donadio et al 2018); feet: (Cindro et al, 1985; Minami et al 1996; Pike et al 1997; Slater et al 2010; Fabrizi et al 2011; Donadio et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Emergence of Hierarchical Somatosensory Processing in Late Prematurity

et al. 2019

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The somatosensory system has a hierarchical organization. Information processing increases in complexity from the contralateral primary sensory cortex to bilateral association cortices and this is represented by a sequence of somatosensory-evoked potentials recorded with scalp electroencephalographies. The mammalian somatosensory system matures over the early postnatal period in a rostro-caudal progression, but little is known about the development of hierarchical information processing in the human infant brain. To investigate the normal human development of the somatosensory hierarchy, we recorded potentials evoked by mechanical stimulation of hands and feet in 34 infants between 34 and 42 weeks corrected gestational age, with median postnatal age of 3 days. We show that the shortest latency potential was evoked for both hands and feet at all ages with a contralateral somatotopic source in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). However, the longer latency responses, localized in SI and beyond, matured with age. They gradually emerged for the foot and, although always present for the hand, showed a shift from purely contralateral to bilateral hemispheric activation. These results demonstrate the rostro-caudal development of human somatosensory hierarchy and suggest that the development of its higher tiers is complete only just before the time of normal birth.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of Hierarchical Somatosensory Processing in Late Prematurity

et al. 2019

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“…The inter-stimulus interval was large, variable, and self-paced by the experimenter (5–15 s), as shorter intervals can attenuate somatosensory evoked potentials [ 27 – 29 ]. If the infant moved, the tap was delayed for several seconds to avoid potential modulation of the somatosensory response by motion [ 30 ] and to allow movement artefacts to resolve. The sequence in which the body areas were stimulated varied across subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel sensor design for accurate measurement of facial somatosensation in pre-term infants

et al. 2018

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Facial somatosensory feedback is critical for breastfeeding in the first days of life. However, its development has never been investigated in humans. Here we develop a new interface to measure facial somatosensation in newborn infants. The novel system allows to measure neuronal responses to touching the face of the subject by synchronously recording scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and the force applied by the experimenter. This is based on a dedicated force transducer that can be worn on the finger underneath a clinical nitrile glove and linked to a commercial EEG acquisition system. The calibrated device measures the pressure applied by the investigator when tapping the skin concurrently with the resulting brain response. With this system, we were able to demonstrate that taps of 192 mN (mean) reliably elicited facial somatosensory responses in 7 pre-term infants. These responses had a time course similar to those following limbs stimulation, but more lateral topographical distribution consistent with body representations in primary somatosensory areas. The method introduced can therefore be used to reliably measure facial somatosensory responses in vulnerable infants.

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“…Research employing infant electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) has begun to shed light on how the developing human brain responds to touch (for reviews see, Nevalainen, Lauronen, & Pihko, 2014;Saby, Meltzoff, & Marshall, 2016). To date, most studies in this area have focused on tactile stimulation of the hand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant brain responses to felt and observed touch of hands and feet: an MEG study

Meltzoff

Ramírez

Saby

et al. 2018

Developmental Science

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There is growing interest concerning the ways in which the human body, both one's own and that of others, is represented in the developing human brain. In two experiments with 7-month-old infants, we employed advances in infant magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain imaging to address novel questions concerning body representations in early development. Experiment 1 evaluated the spatiotemporal organization of infants' brain responses to being touched. A punctate touch to infants' hands and feet produced significant activation in the hand and foot areas of contralateral primary somatosensory cortex as well as in other parietal and frontal areas. Experiment 2 explored infant brain responses to visually perceiving another person's hand or foot being touched. Results showed significant activation in early visual regions and also in regions thought to be involved in multisensory body and self-other processing. Furthermore, observed touch of the hand and foot activated the infant's own primary somatosensory cortex, although less consistently than felt touch. These findings shed light on aspects of early social cognition, including action imitation, which may build, at least in part, on infant neural representations that map equivalences between the bodies of self and other.

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Beyond the N1: A review of late somatosensory evoked responses in human infants

Cited by 15 publications

References 70 publications

The Emergence of Hierarchical Somatosensory Processing in Late Prematurity

The Emergence of Hierarchical Somatosensory Processing in Late Prematurity

A novel sensor design for accurate measurement of facial somatosensation in pre-term infants

Infant brain responses to felt and observed touch of hands and feet: an MEG study

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