Beyond the Mass: Oxidative Properties of PM2.5 in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (Ecrhs)

Küenzli, Nino; Shi, Tingmin; Goetschi, Thomas; Kelly, Frank L.; Mudway, Ian; Burney, Peter; Forsberg, Bertil; Heinrich, Joachim; Jarvis, Deborah; Soon, Argo; Luczynska, Christina; Payo-Losa, Felix; Poli, Albino; Weyler, Joost; Hazenkamp, Marianne; Norbäck, Dan; Borm, Paul

doi:10.1097/00001648-200407000-00100

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Ambient aerosols may lead to oxidative stress by transporting oxidants on particle into the respiratory system, or introducing aerosol components that are capable of catalytically generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in vivo and in vitro. − The latter form of ROS is the focus of this work and is potentially an important route since it can lead to significant ROS generation in vivo, and an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. The resulting oxidative stress is hypothesized as one of the mechanisms responsible for a myriad health effects associated with particulate matter (PM) pollution. ,− However, despite numerous studies, the exact mechanisms and the ambient particulate components that create this imbalance are largely unknown. A few chemical components of ambient PM, such as quinones or quinone-type compounds and transition metals (e.g., Fe, Mn, Cu, V, and Ni), have been identified to catalyze redox reactions in biological systems. − Recently, other parameters, such as the surface of soot, have also been shown to promote many of these reactions. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Aerosols Associated with the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Water-Soluble PM_2.5

Verma

Fang

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

301

243

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We compare the relative toxicity of various organic aerosol (OA) components identified by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) based on their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ambient fine aerosols were collected from urban (three in Atlanta, GA and one in Birmingham, AL) and rural (Yorkville, GA and Centerville, AL) sites in the Southeastern United States. The ROS generating capability of the water-soluble fraction of the particles was measured by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Water-soluble PM extracts were further separated into the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions using a C-18 column, and both fractions were analyzed for DTT activity and water-soluble metals. Organic aerosol composition was measured at selected sites using a high-resolution time-of-flight AMS. Positive matrix factorization of the AMS spectra resolved the organic aerosol into isoprene-derived OA (Isop_OA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), less-oxidized oxygenated OA, (LO-OOA), more-oxidized OOA (MO-OOA), cooking OA (COA), and biomass burning OA (BBOA). The association of the DTT activity of water-soluble PM2.5 (WS_DTT) with these factors was investigated by linear regression techniques. BBOA and MO-OOA were most consistently linked with WS_DTT, with intrinsic water-soluble activities of 151 ± 20 and 36 ± 22 pmol/min/μg, respectively. Although less toxic, MO-OOA was most widespread, contributing to WS_DTT activity at all sites and during all seasons. WS_DTT activity was least associated with biogenic secondary organic aerosol. The OA components contributing to WS_DTT were humic-like substances (HULIS), which are abundantly emitted in biomass burning (BBOA) and include highly oxidized OA from multiple sources (MO-OOA). Overall, OA contributed approximately 60% to the WS_DTT activity, with the remaining probably from water-soluble metals, which were mostly associated with the hydrophilic WS_DTT fraction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Aerosols Associated with the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Water-Soluble PM_2.5

Verma

Fang

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

301

243

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“…Oxidative stress, an imbalance of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is a prevailing mechanism thought to be responsible for the adverse health effects associated with particle inhalation. 6,7 Recent epidemiological studies demonstrated that the ability of particles to consume antioxidants and/or generate ROS, referred to as oxidative potential (OP), can be more strongly associated with the reduction in respiratory function than PM mass, suggesting that it is a health relevant metric for air quality. 8−10 The dithiothreitol (DTT) assay is an acellular technique developed to quantify particle OP by monitoring the consumption of DTT, a surrogate for biological antioxidants, in the presence of particle components under physiologically relevant conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Correlation between increasing ambient particulate matter (PM) mass concentration and adverse human health is well documented. − Ambient PM exposure is a leading environmental risk factor for global premature mortality, yet the mechanisms causing these effects are not well understood. Oxidative stress, an imbalance of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is a prevailing mechanism thought to be responsible for the adverse health effects associated with particle inhalation. , Recent epidemiological studies demonstrated that the ability of particles to consume antioxidants and/or generate ROS, referred to as oxidative potential (OP), can be more strongly associated with the reduction in respiratory function than PM mass, suggesting that it is a health relevant metric for air quality. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Atmospheric Processing on the Oxidative Potential of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosols

Wong

Parinos

Tsiodra

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Oxidative potential (OP), which is the ability of certain components in atmospheric particles to generate reactive oxidative species (ROS) and deplete antioxidants in vivo, is a prevailing toxicological mechanism underlying the adverse health effects associated with exposure to ambient aerosols. While previous studies have identified the high OP of fresh biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA), it remains unclear how it evolves throughout atmospheric transport. Using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay as a measure of OP, a combination of field observations and laboratory experiments is used to determine how atmospheric aging transforms the intrinsic OP (OPmass DTT) of BBOA. For ambient BBOA collected during the fire seasons in Greece, OPmass DTT was observed to increase by a factor of 2.1 ± 0.9 for samples of atmospheric ages up to 68 h. Laboratory experiments indicate that aqueous photochemical aging (aging by UVB and UVA photolysis; as well as OH oxidation), as well as aging by ozone and atmospheric dilution can transform the OPmass DTT of the water-soluble fraction of wood smoke within 2 days of atmospheric transport. The results from this work suggest that the air quality impacts of biomass burning emissions can extend beyond regions near fire sites and should be accounted for.

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“…Each of these assays represents a plausible mode of PM toxicity and collectively they should be considered as the toolkit for deconstructing the complex mechanisms of PM ROS generation. One advantage of these assays, is that they are integrative of various aerosol chemical properties, and as pointed out by several researchers (Ayres et al, 2008;Venkatachari and Hopke, 2008;Kuenzli et al, 2004), many of them can serve as a screening step for assessing the PM samples/emission scenarios for more detailed chemical analysis and downstream health studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species associated with water-soluble PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the southeastern United States: spatiotemporal trends and source apportionment

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We assess the potential of the water-soluble fraction of atmospheric fine aerosols in the southeastern United States to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and identify major ROS-associated emission sources. ROS-generation potential of particles was quantified by the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay and involved analysis of fine particulate matter (PM) extracted from high-volume quartz filters (23 h integrated samples) collected at various sites in different environmental settings in the southeast, including three urban-Atlanta sites, in addition to a rural site. Paired sampling was conducted with one fixed site in Atlanta (Jefferson Street), representative of the urban environment, with the others rotating among different sites, for ~250 days between June 2012 and September 2013 (N=483). A simple linear regression between the DTT activity and aerosol chemical components revealed strong associations between PM ROS-generation potential and secondary organic aerosol (WSOC – water-soluble organic carbon) in summer, and biomass burning markers in winter. Redox-active metals were also somewhat correlated with the DTT activity, but mostly at urban and roadside sites. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to apportion the relative contribution of various sources to the ROS-generation potential of water-soluble PM2.5 in urban Atlanta. PMF showed that vehicular emissions contribute uniformly throughout the year (12–25%), while secondary oxidation processes dominated the DTT activity in summer (46%) and biomass burning in winter (47%). Road dust was significant only during drier periods (~12% in summer and fall). Source apportionment by chemical mass balance (CMB) was reasonably consistent with PMF, but with higher contribution from vehicular emissions (32%). Given the spatially large data set of PM sampled over an extended period, the study reconciles the results from previous work that showed only region- or season-specific aerosol components or sources contributing to PM ROS activity, possibly due to smaller sample sizes. The ubiquitous nature of the major sources of PM-associated ROS suggests widespread population exposures to aerosol components that have the ability to catalyze the production of oxidants in vivo.

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Beyond the Mass: Oxidative Properties of PM2.5 in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (Ecrhs)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Organic Aerosols Associated with the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Water-Soluble PM_2.5

Organic Aerosols Associated with the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Water-Soluble PM_2.5

Effects of Atmospheric Processing on the Oxidative Potential of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosols

Reactive oxygen species associated with water-soluble PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the southeastern United States: spatiotemporal trends and source apportionment

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Beyond the Mass: Oxidative Properties of PM2.5 in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (Ecrhs)

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Organic Aerosols Associated with the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Water-Soluble PM2.5

Organic Aerosols Associated with the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Water-Soluble PM2.5

Effects of Atmospheric Processing on the Oxidative Potential of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosols

Reactive oxygen species associated with water-soluble PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in the southeastern United States: spatiotemporal trends and source apportionment

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Product

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Organic Aerosols Associated with the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Water-Soluble PM_2.5

Organic Aerosols Associated with the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by Water-Soluble PM_2.5

Reactive oxygen species associated with water-soluble PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the southeastern United States: spatiotemporal trends and source apportionment