Beyond the façade of generosity—Regional stereotypes within the same national culture influence prosocial behaviors

Abstract

We analyzed prosocial behaviors in a field experiment (N = 307) conducted in an urban context (Timisoara, Banat region, Romania), starting from a classical Cross-Cultural Psychology research organized in UK and Iran by Collet & O’Shea in 1976. If the evoked study is focused on comparing prosocial behaviors in two very different national cultures (UK vs. Iran), we compared helping strangers strategies within the same national culture in relation to the regional identities of the help-seeking subjects. A behavioral scenario was created by asking naïve participants to offer support and give directions to a place even if they did not know its whereabouts. Drawing on social identity theory, it was tested whether regional belonging of the help-seeker (in-group vs. out-group) predicts the availability of help-givers for offering help, their availability for giving wrong directions, as well as their emotional expressiveness. Results are interpreted within the perspective of social distance between groups and show that the more distant regional identities are perceived to be, the less generous help-givers are, both in terms of their decision to help and to give wrong directions, as well as in their expressed emotions.

To Steal or Not to Steal: Self-Discrepancies as a Way to Promote Pro-social Behavior: The Moderating Role of Self-Interest

“…For instance, in Cohn et al (2019) study, the incidence of returning the lost wallets in the money condition was the highest in countries like Sweden (82%), Denmark (82%), Norway (80%) or Switzerland (80%), while in Mexico and Peru it was only 16% and 14%, respectively. The relatively low rate of pro-social behavior in our study could be explained by the persistence of a social background characterized by a high level of social cynicism ( Dincă and Iliescu, 2008 ; Gavreliuc and Gavreliuc, 2018 ), generalized interpersonal and institutional distrust ( Gavreliuc, 2011 ; Friedlmeier and Gavreliuc, 2013 ; Voicu, 2020 ), a prevalent pattern of negative interactional experiences with others ( Mihăilescu, 2017 ; Gavreliuc et al, 2021 ) and the prevalence of traditionalist and conservative values ( Voicu and Voicu, 2007 ; Gavreliuc, 2011 ), associated with a visible decline of solidarity toward the “(ordinary) people from Romania” ( Rusu, 2020 , p. 66). Therefore, this egoistic concern could be interpreted as a functional way of thinking and acting ( Gavreliuc et al, 2009 ) in a society characterized by mistrust and low normative climate, by routinely activating a mechanism of tolerated deviance ( Stebbins, 2012 ).…”

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“…For instance, in Cohn et al (2019) study, the incidence of returning the lost wallets in the money condition was the highest in countries like Sweden (82%), Denmark (82%), Norway (80%) or Switzerland (80%), while in Mexico and Peru it was only 16% and 14%, respectively. The relatively low rate of pro-social behavior in our study could be explained by the persistence of a social background characterized by a high level of social cynicism (Dincă and Iliescu, 2008;Gavreliuc and Gavreliuc, 2018), generalized interpersonal and institutional distrust (Gavreliuc, 2011;Friedlmeier and Gavreliuc, 2013;Voicu, 2020), a prevalent pattern of negative interactional experiences with others (Mihăilescu, 2017;Gavreliuc et al, 2021) and the prevalence of traditionalist and conservative values (Voicu and Voicu, 2007;Gavreliuc, 2011), associated with a visible decline of solidarity toward the "(ordinary) people from Romania" (Rusu, 2020, p. 66). Therefore, this egoistic concern could be interpreted as a functional way of thinking and acting (Gavreliuc et al, 2009) in a society characterized by mistrust and low normative climate, by routinely activating a mechanism of tolerated deviance (Stebbins, 2012).…”

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“…For instance, in Cohn et al (2019) study, the incidence of returning the lost wallets in the money condition was the highest in countries like Sweden (82%), Denmark (82%), Norway (80%) or Switzerland (80%), while in Mexico and Peru it was only 16% and 14%, respectively. The relatively low rate of pro-social behavior in our study could be explained by the persistence of a social background characterized by a high level of social cynicism (Dincă and Iliescu, 2008;Gavreliuc and Gavreliuc, 2018), generalized interpersonal and institutional distrust (Gavreliuc, 2011;Friedlmeier and Gavreliuc, 2013;Voicu, 2020), a prevalent pattern of negative interactional experiences with others (Mihăilescu, 2017;Gavreliuc et al, 2021) and the prevalence of traditionalist and conservative values (Voicu and Voicu, 2007;Gavreliuc, 2011), associated with a visible decline of solidarity toward the "(ordinary) people from Romania" (Rusu, 2020, p. 66). Therefore, this egoistic concern could be interpreted as a functional way of thinking and acting (Gavreliuc et al, 2009) in a society characterized by mistrust and low normative climate, by routinely activating a mechanism of tolerated deviance (Stebbins, 2012).…”