Beyond the breakpoint: reinstatement, renewal, and resurgence of ratio‐strained behavior

Kincaid, Stephanie L.; Lattal, Kennon A.

doi:10.1002/jeab.433

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The procedures used in the three experiments reported here compressed a conventional three‐stage resurgence procedure into a single‐session test of resurgence that could then be repeated to generate resurgence over as many as 30 successive sessions. There have been a few previous reports of within‐session resurgence with nonhuman animals (Bai et al, ; Kincaid, ; Kincaid & Lattal, ), but, as noted in the introduction, the resurgence generated under these conditions bears an unknown relation to that generated by the more conventional, across‐session means of assessing resurgence and its controlling variables. By contrast, not only do the present procedures precisely parallel, within individual sessions, the conventional procedure, the results replicate the appearance of resurgence with both fixed‐ and variable‐interval schedules (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two recent experiments have examined resurgence within and across successive sessions. Kincaid (2015; see Kincaid and Lattal, ) and Bai, Cowie, and Podlesnik () investigated within‐session resurgence using, respectively, a progressive‐ratio schedule and a free‐operant psychophysical procedure (FOPP). With both procedures, resurgence developed within individual sessions and the effect was repeated across at least a few successive sessions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Repeated, within‐session resurgence

Cook

Lattal

2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Resurgence is a reliable, transient effect that only occasionally is replicated more than once within a single experiment or subject. In the present experiments, within‐session resurgence was generated repeatedly by dividing individual sessions into three phases (Training, Alternative‐Reinforcement, and Resurgence‐Test). In Experiments 1 and 2, resurgence reliably occurred in most of the 22‐30 daily sessions when responding was reinforced on, respectively, fixed‐ and variable‐interval schedules. Resurgence magnitude and duration did decrease across replications for some subjects, but not for others. To examine the utility of the procedure in studying the effects of an independent variable on resurgence, in Experiment 3 the effects of rich and lean baseline and alternative reinforcement rates on resurgence were compared. The target response was eliminated more rapidly, resurgence occurred more often, and usually was greater following rich alternative reinforcement rates. Resurgence was of greater magnitude when the baseline reinforcement rate was relatively lean compared to the alternative reinforcement rate. These experiments provide a reliable method for generating resurgence within individual sessions, instead of across multiple‐session conditions, that can be repeated over many successive sessions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Repeated, within‐session resurgence

Cook

Lattal

2019

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Renewal may thus occur after a DRA procedure. Finally, Kincaid and Lattal (2018) studied several relapse effects known to occur after extinction (renewal, reinstatement, and resurgence) after pigeons had stopped key pecking on a progressive ratio schedule. In that schedule, the response requirement for successive reinforcers was increased by a constant amount (e.g., fixed-ratio 10 to 20 to 30…).…”

Section: Contextual Control Of Instrumental Extinction and Other Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Extinction of instrumental (operant) learning: interference, varieties of context, and mechanisms of contextual control

Bouton

2018

Psychopharmacology

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This article reviews recent research on the extinction of instrumental (or operant) conditioning from the perspective that it is an example of a general retroactive interference process. Previous discussions of interference have focused primarily on findings from Pavlovian conditioning. The present review shows that extinction in instrumental learning has much in common with other examples of retroactive interference in instrumental learning (e.g., omission learning, punishment, second-outcome learning, discrimination reversal learning, and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior). In each, the original learning can be largely retained after conflicting information is learned, and behavior is cued or controlled by the current context. The review also suggests that a variety of stimuli can play the role of context, including room and apparatus cues, temporal cues, drug state, deprivation state, stress state, and recent reinforcers, discrete cues, or behaviors. In instrumental learning situations, the context can control behavior through its direct association with the reinforcer or punisher, through its hierarchical relation with response-outcome associations, or its direct association (inhibitory or excitatory) with the response. In simple instrumental extinction and habit learning, the latter mechanism may play an especially important role.

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“…We examined the effects of gradually increasing the omission of alternative reinforcers within sessions by arranging progressive-ratio (PR) schedules to obtain alternative reinforcers. Progressive-ratio schedules increase the response requirement to access reinforcement after every obtained reinforcer within the course of a single session (Killeen, Posadas-Sanchez, Johansen, & Thrailkill, 2009;Kincaid & Lattal, 2018;Roane, Lerman, & Vorndran, 2001). Specifically, we reinforced a target response during training in Phase 1.…”

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Resurgence when challenging alternative behavior with progressive ratios in children and pigeons

Ho¹,

Bai

Keevy³

et al. 2018

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Resurgence is defined as the recurrence of a previously reinforced and then extinguished target response when reducing or eliminating a more recently reinforced alternative response. In experiments with children and pigeons, we evaluated patterns of resurgence across and within sessions through decreases in reinforcer availability by challenging alternative responding with extinction and progressive‐ratio schedules. In Phase 1, we reinforced only target responding. In Phase 2, we extinguished target responding while reinforcing an alternative response. Finally, Phase 3 assessed resurgence by (a) extinguishing alternative responding versus (b) introducing a progressive‐ratio schedule of reinforcement for alternative responding. In both children and pigeons, resurgence of target responding occurred in both conditions but generally was greater when assessed during extinction than with progressive ratios. Importantly, within‐session patterns of resurgence did not differ between testing with progressive ratios and extinction. Resurgence with progressive ratios tended to be greater with longer durations between reinforcers but we observed similar findings with only simulated reinforcers during extinction testing. Therefore, the present investigation reveals that the events contributing to instances of resurgence remain to be understood, and presents an approach from which to examine variables influencing within‐session patterns of resurgence.

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Beyond the breakpoint: reinstatement, renewal, and resurgence of ratio‐strained behavior

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Repeated, within‐session resurgence

Repeated, within‐session resurgence

Extinction of instrumental (operant) learning: interference, varieties of context, and mechanisms of contextual control

Resurgence when challenging alternative behavior with progressive ratios in children and pigeons

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