Beyond the association. <i><scp>T</scp>oxoplasma gondii</i> in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sutterland, Arjen L.; Fond, Guillaume; Kuin, Anne; Koeter, Maarten W. J.; Lutter, René; Gool, Tom van; Yolken, Robert H.; Szöke, Andreı̈; Leboyer, Marion; Haan, Lieuwe de

doi:10.1111/acps.12423

Cited by 362 publications

(347 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(241 reference statements)

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“…They showed that toxoplasmosis likely strongly increases the risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as epilepsy and migraines. For reviews (see Flegr, 2015;Sutterland et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mental Health Status in Toxoplasma-Infected Women before and 3 Years after They Learn about Their Infection: Manipulation or Side-Effects of Impaired Health?

Šebánková

Flegr

2017

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Latent toxoplasmosis is known to be associated with specific changes in animal and human behavior and human personality. Many toxoplasmosis-associated shifts, such as an extroversion-introversion shift or a trust-suspicion shift, go in opposite directions in men and women. The stress coping hypothesis suggests that such behavioral effects of toxoplasmosis are side effects of chronic stress caused by lifelong parasitosis and associated health disorders. Several studies have searched for, and typically found, indices of impaired health in infected subjects. However, subjects were always aware of their toxoplasmosis status, which could influence obtained data and cause false-positive results of the studies. Here we searched for differences in physical and mental health status among 39 Toxoplasma-infected and 40 Toxoplasma-free female university students who completed identical questionnaires (N-70, and anamnestic questionnaire), before and 3 years after they were informed of their toxoplasmosis status. Our results showed that infected women showed indices of poorer health status, not only after, but also before they were informed of their infection. In accordance with previously published data, these indices were more numerous and stronger in Rh-negative than in Rh-positive women. Present results suggest that observed indices of poorer health and symptoms of chronic stress in Toxoplasma-infected subjects are real. Due to its high (30%) prevalence, toxoplasmosis could represent an important factor for public health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mental Health Status in Toxoplasma-Infected Women before and 3 Years after They Learn about Their Infection: Manipulation or Side-Effects of Impaired Health?

Šebánková

Flegr

2017

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…There were two studies that looked at obsessive compulsive disorder, one with a sample size of 42 patients and the other with a sample size of 12 patients (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.73 -6.6.8, p < 0.001). Although the findings for OCD are significant, they should be interpreted with caution since they are small sample sizes and did not clearly separate the OCD diagnosis from Generalized Anxiety Disorder [33].…”

Section: Relationship Between Toxoplasma Gondii and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 64%

Toxoplasmosis and psychosis: environment makes a difference

Georgakopoulos¹,

Pato²,

Pato³

2017

IJCNMH

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Psychotic symptoms are the hallmark of one of the most debilitating serious mental illnesses, schizophrenia. They are also evident in certain forms of depression, bipolar disorder, delirium, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, differential diagnosis can sometimes be difficult to perform. Further, schizophrenia is believed to be, in part, related to genomic risk, with many variants already identified to contributing to genomic risk. However, most models include a likely role for environmental risk factors as well. We will explore the relationship between Toxoplasmosis, as one such environmental risk and schizophrenia.

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“…Le « premier temps » prendrait place durant la grossesse. De nombreux événements survenant pendant cette période comme des infections virales par le cytomégalovirus (CMV), par exemple, ou par des parasites (comme Toxoplasma gondii) ont été associés au déve-loppement ultérieur de ces maladies psychiatriques, en particulier dans les troubles bipolaires et la schizophrénie [42,43]. Ces mêmes pathogènes ont également le potentiel de réactiver in vitro des éléments de la famille HERV-W [44].…”

Section: La Séquence D'activation Des Herv Dans Les Troubles Psychotiunclassified

Les rétrovirus endogènes humains, une implication dans la schizophrénie et le trouble bipolaire

2017

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Beyond the association. Toxoplasma gondii in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and addiction: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract: These findings suggest that T. gondii infection is associated with several psychiatric disorders and that in schizophrenia reactivation of latent T. gondii infection may occur.

Cited by 362 publications

References 134 publications

Physical and Mental Health Status in Toxoplasma-Infected Women before and 3 Years after They Learn about Their Infection: Manipulation or Side-Effects of Impaired Health?

Physical and Mental Health Status in Toxoplasma-Infected Women before and 3 Years after They Learn about Their Infection: Manipulation or Side-Effects of Impaired Health?

Toxoplasmosis and psychosis: environment makes a difference

Les rétrovirus endogènes humains, une implication dans la schizophrénie et le trouble bipolaire

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