Beyond sleep duration: distinct sleep dimensions are associated with obesity in children and adolescents

Jarrin, Denise C.; McGrath, Jennifer J.; Drake, Christopher L.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.4

Cited by 163 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Previous published studies have used this item to assess subjective sleep quality in youth (e.g., Jarrin et al, 2013). The Child's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) is a 35-item parent-report questionnaire that assesses sleep problems in children over the past month (Owens et al, 2000).…”

Section: Perceived Stress-thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polysomnography-derived longer sleep onset latency, shorter sleep duration, lower sleep efficiency, and higher sleep fragmentation are related to higher morning and daytime cortisol levels (Hatzinger et al, 2008(Hatzinger et al, , 2010. While both poor sleep quality and short sleep duration have been linked to a disrupted diurnal cortisol profile, evidence suggests that sleep quality may be a marker of slow-wave sleep, a sleep stage thought to have important inhibitory effects on cortisol secretion (Jarrin et al, 2013;Kaneita et al, 2007). It is plausible that the quality of sleep may have greater impact on the diurnal cortisol profile than the quantity of sleep.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Poor sleep as a pathophysiological pathway underlying the association between stressful experiences and the diurnal cortisol profile among children and adolescents

McGrath

Gouin

2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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SummaryRecent evidence suggests that poor sleep is a potential pathway underlying the association between stressful experiences and the diurnal cortisol profile. However, existing findings are largely limited to adults. The present study examines whether poor sleep (duration, quality) mediates the relation between stressful experiences and the diurnal cortisol profile in children and adolescents. Children and adolescents (N = 220, M age = 12.62) provided six saliva samples over two days to derive cortisol indices (bedtime, AUC AG , AUC TG , slope MAX ). Perceived stress, stressful life events, self-reported sleep duration, and sleep quality were measured. Using bootstrapping analyses, sleep quality mediated the relation between perceived stress and AUC TG (R2 = 0.10, F(7, 212) = 3.55, p = .001; 95% BCI[0.09, 1.15]), as well as the relation between stressful life events and AUC TG (R2 = 0.11, F(7, 212) = 3.69, p = .001; 95% BCI[0.40, 3.82]).These mediation models remained significant after adjusting for sleep duration, suggesting that poor sleep quality underlies the association between stressful experiences and the diurnal cortisol profile in children and adolescents. Longitudinal data combined with objectively-measured sleep is essential to further disentangle the complex association between sleep and stress. KeywordsSleep; Cortisol; Stressful life events; Perceived stress; Child; Adolescent Stress is known to alter cortisol secretion. Exposure to acute laboratory-induced stressors elicits transient increases in cortisol level (Dickerson and Kemeny, 2004). Naturally occurring stressful experiences, including perceived stress and stressful life events, have also been associated with a disrupted diurnal cortisol profile. Adults who report greater perceived stress (i.e., nonspecific, subjective appraised stress, Cohen et al., 1995) CIHR Author ManuscriptCIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript awakening response, total cortisol level, and flatter diurnal slopes (Miller et al., 2007;Pruessner et al., 1999;Schulz et al., 1998). Greater stressful life events (e.g., unemployment, divorce) are associated with higher morning and evening cortisol levels and flatter diurnal slopes (Miller et al., 2007). Similar findings have been established in both children and adolescents (hereafter referred to as "youth" for parsimony). Youth who report greater stressful life events (e.g., family conflict, academic stress) have a higher cortisol awakening response and elevated afternoon cortisol levels than their less stressed counterparts (Gustafsson et al., 2010;Wolf et al., 2008). While there is convincing evidence that stressful experiences disrupt the diurnal cortisol profile, the potential pathways underlying this association remain unclear.Sleep is one plausible pathway by which stressful experiences disrupt the diurnal cortisol profile. The sleep-wake cycle has a close, temporal association with diurnal cortisol secretion. Nocturnal sleep onset reliably exerts an inhibitory effect on cortisol secretion (Van Cauter et al.,...

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Section: Perceived Stress-thementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor sleep as a pathophysiological pathway underlying the association between stressful experiences and the diurnal cortisol profile among children and adolescents

McGrath

Gouin

2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…The sleep-obesity association may be stronger in boys than in girls [22]. Poor sleep quality, other sleep disturbances and delayed sleep phase also predict increased adiposity independently of total sleep duration and other confounders [24]. These studies reveal a consistent, moderate-strength association between chronic insufficient sleep and obesity in children and adolescents, with smaller studies indicating a strong association between fragmented or poor-quality sleep and adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Glycemic Sequelae of Sleep Disturbances in Children and Adults

2014

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The prevalence of obesity in adults and children has increased greatly in the past three decades, as have metabolic sequelae, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sleep disturbances are increasingly recognized as contributors to this widespread epidemic in adults, and data are emerging in children as well. The categories of sleep disturbances that contribute to obesity and its glycemic co-morbidities include the following: (1) alterations of sleep duration, chronic sleep restriction and excessive sleep; (2) alterations in sleep architecture; (3) sleep fragmentation; (4) circadian rhythm disorders and disruption (i.e., shift work); and (5) obstructive sleep apnea. This article reviews current evidence supporting the contributions that these sleep disorders play in the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM as well as possibly influences on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes, with a special focus on data in pediatric populations.

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“…Sleep problems are associated to obesity (Gupta, Mueller, Chan, and Meininger 2002;Knutson 2011;Jarrin, McGrath, and Drake 2013), poor nutrition (Beebe, Simon, Summer, Hemmer, Strotman, and Dolan 2013;Grandner, Jackson, Gerstner, and Knutson 2013;Hogenkamp et al 2013), and increased cardiovascular risk (Buxton and Marcelli 2010). A cross-sectional study of 1101 Brazilian adult subjects (20-80 years old) found a depression prevalence of 10.9% and was significantly higher among housewives, unemployed individuals, and those with low income and education (Castro et al 2013).…”

Section: Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology and assessment as low-hanging fruit for education overhaul

et al. 2016

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Physiology and assessment constitute major bottlenecks of school learning among students with low socioeconomic status. The limited resources and household overcrowding typical of poverty produce deficits in nutrition, sleep, and exercise that strongly hinder physiology and hence learning. Likewise, overcrowded classrooms hamper the assessment of individual learning with enough temporal resolution to make individual interventions effective. Computational measurements of learning offer hope for low-cost, fast, scalable, and yet personalized academic evaluation. Improvement of school schedules by reducing lecture time in favor of naps, exercise, meals, and frequent automated assessments of individual performance is an easily achievable goal for education.

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Beyond sleep duration: distinct sleep dimensions are associated with obesity in children and adolescents

Cited by 163 publications

References 58 publications

Poor sleep as a pathophysiological pathway underlying the association between stressful experiences and the diurnal cortisol profile among children and adolescents

Poor sleep as a pathophysiological pathway underlying the association between stressful experiences and the diurnal cortisol profile among children and adolescents

Metabolic and Glycemic Sequelae of Sleep Disturbances in Children and Adults

Physiology and assessment as low-hanging fruit for education overhaul

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