Beyond single paradigms, pipelines, and outcomes: Embracing multiverse analyses in psychophysiology

Clayson, Peter E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112311

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Differences in ERN elicited during flanker and Go/NoGo tasks are supported by other studies showing only modest convergence of ERN amplitudes across flanker and Go/NoGo tasks (Clayson et al, in press-a;Riesel et al, 2013) and distinct relationships between ERN amplitude and post-error behavior in flanker and Go/NoGo tasks (Park et al, 2024). The present findings highlight the importance of considering the type of task used for eliciting ERN in performance monitoring research (see also Clayson, 2024a), and it is possible that by requiring distinct strategies, such as ignoring task-irrelevant information or inhibiting prepotent responses, differently influences ERN.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…ERN amplitude increased during a Go/NoGo task but was stable during a flanker and Stroop tasks. Future multiverse analyses could examine different versions of each task or different types of task to identify paradigms that effectively record ERN during task batteries that mitigate the effects of prolonged task performance on ERN amplitude (Clayson, 2024a). Third, the present study was agnostic about the exact factors that lead to changes in ERN amplitude with prolonged task performance, and identifying such factors (e.g., fatigue, motivation, habituation) could lead to the development of optimized paradigms that mitigate their influence on ERN recordings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between ERN/Pe and prolonged task performance has not been examined in either dataset. Each dataset includes ERN/Pe recorded during three different tasks presented in counterbalanced order, which will help to determine whether task moderates the effect of prolonged task performance on ERN/Pe amplitudes (e.g., Clayson, 2024a). The use of three-task batteries facilitates the identification of an optimal point during which to record ERN/Pe in a battery of tasks and to identify task-related differences associated with prolonged task performance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of Performance Monitoring with Prolonged Task Performance: A Study of Error-Related Negativity and Error Positivity

Clayson,

Baldwin,

Larson

2024

Preprint

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The use of forced-choice response tasks to study indices of performance monitoring, such as the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe), is common, and such tasks are often used as a part of larger batteries in experimental research. ERN amplitude typically decreases over the course of a single task, but it is unclear whether amplitude changes persist beyond a single task or whether Pe amplitude changes over time. Therefore, the present preregistered study examined how prolonged task performance affects ERN and Pe amplitude across two different study batteries, each comprising three different tasks. We predicted ERN amplitude would show unique, nonlinear reductions over an individual task and over the task battery, and exploratory analyses were conducted on Pe. Electrophysiological data were recorded during two independent studies: 156 participants who completed three versions of the flanker task and 161 participants who completed flanker, Go/NoGo, and Stroop tasks. ERN showed unique nonlinear reductions over each flanker task and over the battery of flanker tasks. However, ERN showed a linear reduction in amplitude over the battery of three different tasks, and within-task changes were only observed during the Go/NoGo task, such that ERN increased. Pe generally linearly decreased with prolonged task performance. Variability in ERN and Pe scores generally increased with time, suggesting that data quality decreased with time. Study findings indicated that the optimal timeframe for studying ERN and Pe is early in a task battery with short tasks to avoid biasing effects from prolonged performance. Identifying factors related to prolonged performance that affect ERN and Pe could lead to the development of optimized paradigms that minimize these influences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of Performance Monitoring with Prolonged Task Performance: A Study of Error-Related Negativity and Error Positivity

Clayson,

Baldwin,

Larson

2024

Preprint

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“…This possibility is supported by only modest convergence of performance-monitoring ERPs across different paradigms (Clayson, McDonald, et al, in press;Clayson, Rocha, et al, 2023;Riesel et al, 2013). Therefore, the present study aimed to examine neural and behavioral indices of performance monitoring that are recorded during different tasks from the same sample of participants to discern whether task moderates ERP-behavior relationships (Clayson, 2024). Another potential explanation of discrepant findings could be the emphasis on betweenperson rather than within-person relationships.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Task-Specific Relationships Between Error-Related ERPs and Behavior: Flanker, Stroop, and Go/Nogo Tasks

Park,

Holbrook,

Lutz

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Performance monitoring has been widely studied during different forced-choice response tasks. Participants typically show longer response times (RTs) and increased accuracy following errors, but there are inconsistencies regarding the connection between error-related event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavior, such as RT and accuracy. The specific task in any given study could contribute to these inconsistencies, as different tasks may require distinct cognitive processes that impact ERP-behavior relationships. The present study sought to determine whether task moderates ERP-behavior relationships and whether these relationships are robustly observed when tasks and stimuli are treated as random effects. ERPs and behavioral indices (RTs, accuracy) recorded during flanker, Stroop, and Go/Nogo tasks from 180 people demonstrated a task-specific effect on ERP-behavior relationships, such that larger previous-trial error-related negativity (ERN) predicted longer RTs and greater likelihood of a correct response on subsequent trials during flanker and Stroop tasks but not during Go/Nogo task. Additionally, larger previous-trial error positivity (Pe) predicted faster RTs and smaller variances of RTs on subsequent trials for Stroop and Go/Nogo tasks but not for flanker task. When tasks and stimuli were treated as random effects, ERP-behavior relationships were not observed. These findings support the need to consider the task used for recording performance monitoring measures when interpreting results across studies.

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“…Several studies have used financial (Koban et al, 2012;Koban et al, 2010;Varkala, 2023) and physically aversive (de Bruijn et al, 2020) impacts on the observer as a result of a participant's performance to make the presence of an observer salient. Second, although it is common to use a single task to record ERPs, different tasks can moderate ERP effects (Clayson, Rocha, et al, 2023;Clayson, 2024), and other tasks might show stronger (or weaker) gender differences as they relate to observers; research might consider multiverse-like approaches that consider many reasonable approaches for recording and analyzing the same phenomena (Clayson, 2024a). Third, participants were relatively young and early in their married relationships, limiting the generalizability of the findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spouse Support and Stress: Gender Differences in Neural Measures of Performance Monitoring Under Observation of a Spouse

Clayson,

Varkala,

Baldwin

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Spousal support can mitigate stress’s impact on daily functioning and neural responses to stressors. However, the effectiveness of spousal support in reducing stress may be moderated by gender. The present study investigated the impact of observer presence in 66 heterosexual married couples, specifically a spouse or a confederate, on two neural indices of performance monitoring: early error detection (error-related negativity [ERN]) and later error awareness (error positivity [Pe]). Contrary to predictions, ERN was consistently smaller in observed conditions, suggesting that being observed, irrespective of the observer’s identity, diminished attention to errors. Notably, only women exhibited an enhanced ERN in the presence of their spouse, suggesting gender-specific differences in neural responses to spousal support during performance monitoring. Pe was larger when completing the task in the presence of a spouse and men displayed larger Pe than women. The present findings underscore the complex role of social context in performance monitoring, challenging existing assumptions about the uniformity of neural indices of performance monitoring during observation. Findings emphasize the need to dissect the nuanced interplay between observer presence, gender differences, and performance monitoring and offer valuable insights into the social modulation of error processing, particularly in a stressful observation context.

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Beyond single paradigms, pipelines, and outcomes: Embracing multiverse analyses in psychophysiology

Cited by 7 publications

References 129 publications

Stability of Performance Monitoring with Prolonged Task Performance: A Study of Error-Related Negativity and Error Positivity

Stability of Performance Monitoring with Prolonged Task Performance: A Study of Error-Related Negativity and Error Positivity

Task-Specific Relationships Between Error-Related ERPs and Behavior: Flanker, Stroop, and Go/Nogo Tasks

Spouse Support and Stress: Gender Differences in Neural Measures of Performance Monitoring Under Observation of a Spouse

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