Beyond Promoter: The Role of Macrophage in Invasion and Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the common urologic neoplasms, and its incidence has been increasing over the past several decades; however, its pathogenesis is still unknown up to now. Recent studies have found that in addition to tumor cells, other cells in the tumor microenvironment also affect the biological behavior of the tumor. Among them, macrophages exist in a large amount in tumor microenvironment, and they are generally considered to play a key role in promoting tumorigenesis. Therefore, we summarized the recent researches on macrophage in the invasiveness and progression of RCC in latest years, and we also introduced and discussed many studies about macrophage in RCC to promote angiogenesis by changing tumor microenvironment and inhibit immune response in order to activate tumor progression. Moreover, macrophage interactes with various cytokines to promote tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and it also promotes tumor stem cell formation and induces drug resistance in progression of RCC. The highlight of this review is to make a summary of the roles of macrophage in the invasion and progression of RCC; at the same time to raise some potential and possible targets for future RCC therapy.

Identification of prognostic models for glycosylation-related subtypes and tumor microenvironment infiltration characteristics in clear cell renal cell cancer

“…We discovered that the high-risk group had higher levels of CD8 + T, macrophages, and Treg expression, which may account for the variations in prognosis between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Growing data shows that individuals with ccRCC who have higher amounts of three cells would have a poorer prognosis [ [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] ]. Further, we found a significant increase in the prevalence of M0 macrophages and mast cells in the high-risk group.…”

Mechanisms of sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma and associated opportunities for therapeutics

“…Meanwhile, large numbers of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are present in the TME and they are typically thought to be crucial in tumourigenesis and treatment resistance (Zhang & Zhu, 2020). T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing molecule‐3 (TIM‐3) expression was found on tumour cells and CD204 + TAM, and there was a strong relationship between a higher TAM count and high TIM‐3 expression level in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.…”

“…These findings suggest that the development of sunitinib resistance is, in part, mediated by the survival of MDSCs within the TME. This survival of MDSCs leads to sustained immune suppression and angiogenesis, contributing to sunitinib resistance(Finke et al, 2011).Meanwhile, large numbers of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are present in the TME and they are typically thought to be crucial in tumourigenesis and treatment resistance(Zhang & Zhu, 2020). T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) expression was found on tumour cells and CD204 + TAM, and there was a strong relationship between a higher TAM count and high TIM-3 expression level in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.…”