Beyond pollinators: evolution of floral architecture with environment across the wild sunflowers (Helianthus, Asteraceae)

Mason, Chase M.; Patel, Hiral S.; Davis, Kaleigh E.; Donovan, Lisa A.

doi:10.5091/plecevo.2017.1321

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Eight replications of all populations were grown under high-resource conditions in identical pots and soil mixtures. The same experiment has additionally been used to assess floral trait evolution (Mason et al 2017b), biomass allocation, and reproductive timing (Mason et al 2017a). A detailed account of experimental conditions can be found in Mason and Donovan (2015b).…”

Section: Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of nutrient resorption across the herbaceous genus Helianthus

2018

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Foliar nutrient resorption is a key modulator of plant nutrient use. However, evolutionary patterns for nutrient resorption remain unclear, especially in herbs. We measured nitrogen and phosphorus resorption on preselected leaves across the Helianthus (sunflower) genus in a common garden in Athens, GA. We analyzed our data with published leaf traits and native habitat environmental data. Using phylogenetically controlled analyses, we tested if (1) nutrient resorption correlates with leaf economic, vasculature, and defense traits through evolutionary time, and (2) native habitat environment predicts nutrient resorption evolution. For Helianthus, nutrient resorption capacity is greater in resource-conservative species, as previously defined for Helianthus with a principle components analysis of leaf economic spectrum traits (photosynthetic rate, respiration rate, leaf lifespan, leaf mass per area, and green-leaf N and P concentrations). Nutrient resorption capacity also evolutionarily correlates with individual leaf economic traits, though not always as expected based on broad species surveys. Greater nutrient resorption is also positively associated with leaf chemical defenses, but not leaf vasculature or senescence rate. Finally, nitrogen resorption evolution increases with native habitat precipitation, but native habitat soil fertility does not predict nitrogen or phosphorus resorption. Our results suggest nutrient resorption evolution is more closely tied to resource economic strategy than native habitat.

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Section: Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of nutrient resorption across the herbaceous genus Helianthus

2018

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“…While in the present work, leaves from wild Helianthus had higher numbers of compounds and a greater abundance of total terpenes, petals had a wider diversity of compound classes (e.g., terpenes, fatty acid derivatives, alkanes, alkenes, ketones). Flowers from wild Helianthus are known to exhibit a high degree of diversity in size, color, and morphology (Mason et al, 2017b), and thus the finding of high diversity in floral volatile profiles indicates complementary chemical diversity that may impact the processes of pollination, florivory, and floral pathogen resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad diversity in monoterpene–sesquiterpene balance across wild sunflowers: Implications of leaf and floral volatiles for biotic interactions

Bahmani

Robinson

Majumder

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise As plant lineages diversify across environmental gradients, species are predicted to encounter divergent biotic pressures. This study investigated the evolution of volatile secondary metabolism across species of Helianthus. Methods Leaves and petals of 40 species of wild Helianthus were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine volatile secondary metabolite profiles. Results Across all species, 500 compounds were identified; 40% were sesquiterpenes, 18% monoterpenes, 3% diterpenes, 4% fatty acid derivatives, and 35% other compounds such as phenolics and small organic molecules. Qualitatively, annuals and species from more arid western climates had leaf compositions with a higher proportion of total monoterpenes, while erect perennials and species from more mesic eastern habitats contained a higher proportion of total sesquiterpenes. Among species, mass‐based leaf monoterpene and sesquiterpene abundance were identified as largely orthogonal axes of variation by principal component analysis. Profiles for leaves were not strongly correlated with those of petals. Conclusions Volatile metabolites were highly diverse among wild Helianthus, indicating the value of this genus as a model system and rich genetic resource. The independence of leaf and petal volatile profiles indicates a low level of phenotypic integration between vegetative and reproductive structures, implying vegetative defense and reproductive defense or pollinator attraction functions mediated by terpene profiles in these two organs can evolve without major trade‐offs. The major biosynthetic pathways for the major terpenes in wild Helianthus are already well described, providing a road map to deeper inquiry into the drivers of this diversity.

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“…Higher number of flowers per inflorescence were found in more fertile soils at both taxonomic and ecological levels. For example, the head size of different Helianthus species was shown to be directly related to the fertility of the typical species habitat 31 (taxonomic level) and the flower number per inflorescence in plants from the same population was higher in Ipomopsis aggregata 32 , Leucanthemum vulgare and Trifolium pratense 33 growing on more fertile soils (ecological level).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fertilisation on grass and forb gamic reproduction in semi-natural grasslands

Scotton

Rossetti

2021

Sci Rep

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Studying the effects of fertilisation on the seed production of grassland species can help understand the vegetation changes and biodiversity losses due to soil eutrophication. The seed production of fifteen grasses and seventeen forbs from a temperate hay meadow was studied under three fertilisation treatments: 0-0-0, 0-54-108 and 192-108-216 kg N, P2O5 and K2O respectively, per year. Fertile shoots collected at the seed maturation stage were analysed for all main traits of the gamic reproduction. On average, forbs produced more ovules and viable seeds per shoot (199 and 65, respectively) than grasses (112 and 35, respectively). Fertilisation increased the number of inflorescences per shoot in both grasses and forbs and had a limited but variable effect on germinability and viability in the two functional groups: viability increased in grasses but often decreased in forbs. This pattern resulted in 55% and 11% increases in viable seed production in grasses and forbs, respectively. At the higher level of fertilisation, shoot density was positively related to the number of viable seeds per shoot in grasses and to the seed size in forbs. These results highlight that the traits of the gamic reproduction can contribute to explain the relationship between soil nutrient richness and grassland species composition and richness.

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Beyond pollinators: evolution of floral architecture with environment across the wild sunflowers (Helianthus, Asteraceae)

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of nutrient resorption across the herbaceous genus Helianthus

Evolution of nutrient resorption across the herbaceous genus Helianthus

Broad diversity in monoterpene–sesquiterpene balance across wild sunflowers: Implications of leaf and floral volatiles for biotic interactions

Effects of fertilisation on grass and forb gamic reproduction in semi-natural grasslands

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