Beyond One-Size-Fits-All: A Working Memory Dependent Dual-Process Model of the Testing Effect
Yicong Zheng,
Aike Shi,
Xiaonan Liu
Abstract:Existing literature illustrates that the benefits of testing in learning may not be universal. However, individual differences are largely neglected in theoretical explanations of the testing effect. The lack of individualized predictions concerning the testing effect presents a substantial challenge for educators. Here, we propose a novel working memory-dependent dual-process model to elucidate individual differences in the testing effect. This model posits that the testing effect comprises two interlinked pr… Show more
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