Beyond multiregional and simple out-of-Africa models of human evolution

Scerri, Eleanor M. L.; Chikhi, Lounès; Thomas, Mark G.

doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0992-1

Cited by 79 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Sem excluir a permanência da competição intergrupos pelo acesso a recursos essenciais para a sobrevivência, o forte crescimento demográfico sugere duas outras explicações, uma puramente física e outra físico-prática. Por um lado, a dispersão geográfica de seres humanos anatomicamente modernos em todas as regiões do mundo durante sucessivas migrações para fora da África, notadamente entre 100.000 e 40.000 anos (SCERRI et al, 2019) -mas houve dispersões anteriores (HERSHKOVITZ et al, 2018) -, induz espacialmente sua estrutura de grupo, ou melhor, a consolida, uma vez que essas migrações tiveram origem pan-africana, multirregional ou policêntrica (HUBLIN et al, 2017). Por outro lado, quando uma população atinge um determinado tamanho, torna-se materialmente impossível para os indivíduos que a constituem estabelecer entre eles todas as interações regulares que constituem a sociabilidade comum.…”

Section: Por Que Uma Conformação Cognitiva Grupalunclassified

Memória Ou Metamemória Das Origens?

Candau

2020

CdL

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Argumento neste texto que uma conformação cognitiva do grupo nos leva a adotar um discurso mais metamemorial do que memorial quando nos referimos às nossas origens, e, sobretudo, quando as reivindicamos. Desenvolvo meus argumentos em três tempos. No primeiro analiso as possíveis causas da conformação cognitiva do grupo. Num segundo tempo, mostro que o conceito de origem é multidimensional filogeneticamente e culturalmente difuso. Disso resulta que a atribuição, reivindicação ou escolha de uma origem é arbitrária. No entanto, a conformação cognitiva do grupo nos leva a buscar origens próximas associadas a identidades contingentes ou imaginárias, ao invés de origens evolucionárias distantes que fundam nossa identidade imanente, favorecendo, portanto, o que é vago nessa noção. Em um terceiro tempo, depois de evocar três modalidades de compartilhamento de memória que não possuem o mesmo grau de plausibilidade - protomemória, memória e metamemória -, sustento que o privilégio concedido a origens associadas a identidades contingentes ou imaginárias induz mais a uma retórica frequentemente metamemorial do que um processo de memória real. Concluindo, observando a importância das metamemórias de origens em todas as sociedades humanas e sua propensão a excluir aqueles que são classificados como não compartilhando uma suposta origem, faço a pergunta sobre os meios que poderiam torná-las mais inclusivas.Palavras-chave: Identidade imanente; identidades contingentes; metamemória; origens; conformação cognitiva grupal; vivo.

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Section: Por Que Uma Conformação Cognitiva Grupalunclassified

Memória Ou Metamemória Das Origens?

Candau

2020

CdL

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“…These findings suggest that tree models fitted with the AFS like those considered here do not offer a definitive answer to the question of human evolution and other families of models should be explored (Goldstein and Chikhi, 2002;Scerri et al, 2018Scerri et al, , 2019. It remains to be seen however how well do the models inferred with our method fit the real AFS of their respective human populations, but this would be beyond the work presented here.…”

Section: Human Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Additionally, in the case of human evolutionary history, the branches of the assumed tree may represent predefined continental populations. Such models thus assume panmixia over large geographic regions and long periods (Gutenkunst et al, 2009;Mazet et al, 2016;Noskova et al, 2019;Scerri et al, 2019). Panmictic and tree models are useful approximations, and in the last decades they have proven their utility in building stories of human expansions and population splits (Gutenkunst et al, 2009;Li and Durbin, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that we use the piecewise stationary n-island model in which continuous gene flow happens between populations at a constant rate during specific periods (called components) but is allowed to change between periods (see below and Rodríguez et al (2018)). This model differs from tree models in that we do not estimate parameters such as splitting times which may or may not be meaningful or appropriate for various species (Scerri et al, 2019) depending on their actual (unknown) demographic history. Our approach could be extended to more complex models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inferring number of populations and changes in connectivity under the n-island model

Arredondo

Mourato

Nguyen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Inferring the demographic history of species is one of the greatest challenges in populations genetics. This history is often represented as a history of size changes, thus ignoring population structure. Alternatively, structure is defined a priori as a population tree and not inferred. Here we propose a framework based on the IICR (Inverse Instantaneous Coalescence Rate), which can be estimated using the PSMC method of Li and Durbin (2011) for a single diploid individual. For an isolated population, the IICR matches the population size history, which is how the PSMC outputs are generally interpreted. However, it is increasingly acknowledged that the IICR is a function of the demographic model and sampling scheme. Our automated method fits observed IICR curves of diploid individuals with IICR curves obtained under piecewise-stationary symmetrical island models, in which we assume a fixed number of time periods during which gene flow is constant. We infer the number of islands, their sizes, the periods at which connectivity changes and the corresponding rates of connectivity. Validation with simulated data showed that the method can accurately recover most of the scenario parameters. Our application to a set of five human PSMCs yielded demographic histories that are in agreement with previous studies using similar methods and with recent research suggesting ancient human structure. They are in contrast with the widely accepted view of human evolution consisting of one ancestral population branching into three large continental and panmictic populations with varying degrees of connectivity and no population structure within each continent.

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“…This claim relies on weakly informative data. In addition to flawed logic and questionable assumptions, the authors surprisingly disregard recent evidence and debate on human origins in Africa [1][2][3][4] . As a result, the emphatic and high profile conclusions of the paper are unjustified.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Origins in Southern African Palaeo-wetlands? Strong Claims from Weak Evidence

Schlebusch¹,

Loog²,

Groucutt³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Chan and colleagues in their paper titled “Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations” (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1714-1) report 198 novel whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and infer that ‘anatomically modern humans’ originated in the Makgadikgadi–Okavango palaeo-wetland of southern Africa around 200 thousand years ago. This claim relies on weakly informative data. In addition to flawed logic and questionable assumptions, the authors surprisingly disregard recent evidence and debate on human origins in Africa. As a result, the emphatic and high profile conclusions of the paper are unjustified.

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Beyond multiregional and simple out-of-Africa models of human evolution

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

Memória Ou Metamemória Das Origens?

Memória Ou Metamemória Das Origens?

Inferring number of populations and changes in connectivity under the n-island model

Human Origins in Southern African Palaeo-wetlands? Strong Claims from Weak Evidence

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