This paper considers how sport presents a dualism to those on the far left of the political spectrum. A long-standing, passionate debate has existed on the contradictory role played by sport, polarised between those who reject it as a bourgeois capitalist plague and those who argue for its reclamation and reformation. A case study is offered of a political party that has consistently used revolutionary Marxism as the basis for its activity and how this party, the largest in Britain, addresses sport in its publications. The study draws on empirical data to illustrate this debate by reporting findings from three socialist publications. When sport did feature it was often in relation to high profile sporting events with a critical tone adopted and typically focused on issues of commodification, exploitation and alienation of athletes and supporters. However, readers' letters, printed in the same publications, revealed how this interpretation was not universally accepted, thus illustrating the contradictory nature of sport for those on the far left.Keywords: capitalism, Marxism, socialism, Socialist Workers Party, working class
IntroductionA long-standing, passionate debate over sport has existed amongst those on the revolutionary left, polarised between those who reject sport as a bourgeois capitalist plague and those who seek to enjoy sport sui generis and/or seek to use it to advance socialist ideas. A popular perception exists which sees the revolutionary left dismiss sport as a site of, and for, excessive nationalism, sexism, racism, homophobia and class bias; yet, there is another perspective which argues for the reclamation and reformation of sport. However, until now, much of the debate has been based on abstract theory and lacking reference to empirical data. This study seeks to correct this by offering an empirical informed discussion on how sport is viewed by the largest party on the revolutionary left in contemporary Britain.The paper focuses on a political party that has consistently used revolutionary Marxist ideology as a basis for its activity. A content and discourse analysis of three socialist publications, over a 30 year period, tracks the level and nature of sports-themed coverage. The empirical material is then used to inform a discussion between those who reject sport and those who seek to reform it. With interest in the relationship between capitalism and sport continuing to attract academic attention (see Boykoff, 2013;Collins, 2013;Lavalette, 2013), this paper identifies an organisation that has, unapologetically, consistently focused on the politics of class and, resisting the turn to culture, postmodernism or identity politics, remained firmly within the tradition of class-based, revolutionary Marxism. It begins with an assessment of the academic and popular literature representing the different leftist positions towards sport. The British Socialist Workers Party (SWP) is then located on the political spectrum before identifying the data sources and methods used. A series of vignet...