“…Their proliferation has led to increased conversation within and across fields (such as global education, study abroad, international service learning, and academic areas such as business, geography, and social work) about elements that are more successful at fostering desired student outcomes. Regarding student learning outcomes related to global citizenship, a majority of studies on short-term study abroad report increases in outcomes such as global awareness (Chieffo & Griffiths, 2004;Kurt, Olitsky, & Geis, 2013;Wang, Peyvandi, & Coffey, 2014), intercultural, personal and professional competencies (Drnach, Ruby, Kluender, Palomba, & Ursick et al, 2016;Zamastil-Vondrova, 2005), pro-environmental behavioral intentions (Landon, Tarrant, Rubin, & Stoner, 2017;Tarrant et al, 2014), global-mindedness (Kehl & Morris, 2008), and some forms of civic engagement (Mulvaney, 2017).…”