Beyond Infrastructure and Superstructure: Intermediating Landscapes

Large-Scale Urban Parks on Post-Industrial Sites in Contemporary Urban Landscape Conceptions

“…In the first aspect, the European urban landscape is more defined within a scope of "mixed or intermediating" "level M", that is, the "specifically urban level" compared with dimensions of 'superstructure' and 'infrastructure' (Lefèbvre [1970(Lefèbvre [ ] 2003. Specifically, the urban landscape on this level is not only considered "green infrastructure" measured as functions and interpreted as metaphors but also analyzed as social and spatial forms of nature (Schöbel and Czechowski 2015), as shown in Figure 21. This cognition elicits the other analytical aspect of Henri Lefèbvre research as follows.…”

“…), as demonstrated in Figure 22. Through the critique of this idea, increasing geographers, sociologists, and cultural scientists realized that production conditions and social awareness are structuring factors of not only society but also space (Schöbel and Czechowski 2015). In other words, this idea urged many European researchers to discover the role of space in the constitution of social relationships (ibid.).…”